Journal of Neuroscience
Articles in this Issue
Common and distinct neural substrates for approach- and avoidance-motivated actions
The motivation to approach rewards and avoid negative outcomes often guides human action. However, whether these opposing motivations for actions engage common or distinct neural pathways in humans re...
Heterogeneous medial prefrontal cortex ensembles exhibit reproducible internal temporal dynamics during choice behavior
Decision-making requires the coordinated integration of sensory information, internal states, and learned rules across time. While the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is known to contribute to this pr...
Medial Prefrontal Cortex Innervation of the Basal Forebrain Regulates Behavioral Activation with Prelimbic and Infralimbic Projections Contributing to Distinct Affective Functions in Rats
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) regulates affective and motivational behaviors through its projections to subcortical targets, yet the functional contribution of its innervation of the basal foreb...
Distinct neural modes carry information about attempted grasp timing and force in the sensorimotor cortex
Humans perform a variety of complex hand movements to manipulate objects, requiring precise control of changing forces. Understanding the role of sensorimotor cortex and the cortical dynamics underlyi...
Spatial Preference-Weighted Representation of Multiple Stimuli in Cortical Area MT
Segregating objects from one another and the background is essential for perception. In natural scenes, it is common to encounter spatially separated stimuli, such as distinct figure-ground regions, a...
Opposing control of the respiratory brainstem on multiple timescales achieved by noradrenaline and glutamate release from the locus coeruleus
The locus coeruleus (LC) provides widespread noradrenergic (NAergic) modulation throughout the brain to influence a wide range of functions, including breathing. Although both anatomical and physiolog...
AAV-mediated overexpression of Prdm12 in knee-innervating afferents reduces inflammatory joint pain and neuronal hyperexcitability in female mice
Inflammatory joint pain features in numerous musculoskeletal disorders that affect millions globally. The Prdm12 gene encodes a conserved zinc finger transcript...
Mesenchymal stem cell-extracellular vesicles deliver microRNAs that prevent nerve growth factor-induced sensory neuron sensitization
Osteoarthritis (OA) affects 600 million individuals globally, pain being a hallmark symptom. Emerging clinical evidence supports the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their extracellular vesicl...
Opposite Effects of Alpha Oscillations on Mind-wandering With Eyes Open and Closed
Spontaneous fluctuations in brain activity are thought to underlie mind-wandering, moments when mental experience becomes unrelated to what one is currently doing. A large body of research has investi...
Neural evidence for action-related somatosensory predictions
The tactile consequences of self-initiated movements are thought to be predicted by a forward model, yet the precise neural implementation of these predictions remains unclear. In non-motor contexts,...
Sustained dynamics of saccadic inhibition and adaptive oculomotor responses during continuous exploration
In natural environments, stimuli often recur across time and space, requiring the visual system to remain sensitive to novelty while managing predictability. A central question in systems neuroscience...
Single-neuron connectome of the central amygdala in the mouse brain
The central amygdala (CeA) orchestrates defensive behaviors, pain processing, and stress responses, yet how its molecularly defined neuronal subtypes are embedded in brain-wide circuits remains unclea...
A shared brain state for episodic and semantic retrieval
It is critical to identify which factors induce specific brain states as these large-scale patterns of coordinated neural activity drive downstream processing and behavior. The retrieval state, a brai...
Altered postnatal chromatin development in the nucleus accumbens primes enduring stress sensitivity
Early-life stress (ELS) sensitizes individuals to subsequent stressors to increase lifetime risk for psychiatric disorders. Within the nucleus accumbens (NAc) — a key limbic and reward-associated brai...
Subregional and laminar specializations of pyramidal neurons in the macaque anterior cingulate cortex
The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)—a component of both the limbic system and the frontal-executive network—is composed of three anatomically distinct subregions with diverse roles in processing cogni...
Genetic Targeting and Conductance-Based Modeling Reveal Novel Diversity Within Mouse Type II Spiral Ganglion Neurons
Spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) transmit auditory signals from the cochlea to the brain and are divided into two main types: type I and type II, distinguished by their anatomy and connectivity. However...
Atlas of Brain Aging Derived from Cortical Surface Area Changes
During brain aging, atrophy of cortical surface area exhibits region-specific patterns that extend beyond classical anatomical divisions. However, a specialized brain atlas of healthy brain aging has...
Transcription co-repressors Panky and Panky-like modulate ganglioside levels and are essential for retinal cone photoreceptor structure and survival
The biological functions and mechanisms of many cell-type-specific transcriptional cofactors remain unclear. We previously identified Panky (...
Motor implementation of context- and reward-based urgency regulation during action-oriented decision making
Action-oriented decisions are shaped by a sense of urgency, a state that builds as the need to commit to an action increases. When poorly regulated, this urgency may bias decisions toward impulsive ch...
Dendro-plexing of Single Input Spikes via Multiple Synaptic Contacts Can Enhance Cortical Neuron Computation and Reduce Axonal Wiring
A cortical neuron typically makes multiple synaptic contacts on the dendrites of its postsynaptic target neuron. The functional implications of this apparent redundancy are unclear. Due to dendritic c...
Cell-intrinsic regulation of epilepsy-associated pathology by mTORC1 and mTORC2
Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is mediated through mTORC1 and mTORC2. mTORC1 signaling requires the regulatory protein Raptor, while mTORC2 signaling requires Rictor. mTOR signaling...
Sparse spatial scaffolding for visual working memory
When holding information ‘in mind’, it is vital to keep individual representations separated and selectively accessible for guiding behaviour. Space is known to serve as a foundational scaffold for mn...
Disruption of Glomerular Map Formation in the Accessory Olfactory System Impairs Chemosensory Processing and Social Behavior
Chemosensory signals play a fundamental role in guiding innate behaviors in mice, including mating, territoriality, and aggression, through specialized olfactory subsystems, such as the vomeronasal sy...
Acceleration and Velocity Dissociate Temporal Phases of Postural Control in Rhesus Macaques
Maintaining balance requires the nervous system to transform sensory signals about unexpected postural perturbations into precisely timed motor commands. Although human studies have established that p...
The right time for a synapse to change: windows and mechanisms of multiday training trials
Although learning over multiple days is more effective than a single day of training, the underlying cellular mechanisms of repeated training trials remain poorly understood. With a combination of emp...