Journal of Neuroscience
Articles in this Issue
Chemogenetic Disruption of Monkey Perirhinal Neurons Projecting to the Rostromedial Caudate Impairs Associative Learning
Primates, including humans, use stimulus–reward associations to guide foraging. We previously showed that both the rhinal cortex (Rh) and rostromedial caudate (rmCD) of rhesus monkeys play causal role...
Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Modulates Feedforward and Feedback Cortico-Thalamo-Cortical Pathways by Selectively Activating Excitatory Neurons
Transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation (tFUS) is a promising neuromodulation technique capable of noninvasively modulating focal neuronal activities and neural circuits in both animals and humans...
Mechanisms of Tone-in-Noise Encoding in the Inferior Colliculus
Extracellular single-unit responses to tone-in-noise (TIN) stimuli were recorded in the inferior colliculus (IC) of awake female Dutch-belted rabbits. Stimuli consisted of wideband and narrowband TIN...
Targeting Lysine α-Ketoglutarate Reductase to Treat Pyridoxine-Dependent Epilepsy
Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy (PDE), a rare autosomal recessively inherited metabolic disease, results from mutations in ALDH7A1, a gene crucial for lysine metabolism. Although early high-dose pyridox...
Neural Processes Linking Interoception to Moral Preferences Aligned with Group Consensus
Aligning one's decisions with the prevailing social norms and expectations of those around us constitutes a fundamental facet of moral decision-making. When faced with conflicting moral values, one ad...
Stimulus Repetition Induces a Two-Stage Learning Process in the Primary Visual Cortex
Repeated stimulus exposure alters the brain's response to the stimulus. Recording fMRI data from both men and women viewing 120 presentations of two Gabor patches (each Gabor repeating 60 times), we e...
Cerebellar Activity Affects Distal Cortical Physiology and Synaptic Plasticity in a Human Parietal–Motor Pathway Associated with Motor Actions
Voluntary movement control depends on plasticity in several interconnected brain regions, including the cerebellum (CB), primary motor cortex (M1), and posterior parietal cortex (PPC). It is thought t...
The Role of Neprilysin and Insulin-Degrading Enzyme in the Etiology of Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease
An age-dependent decline in the amyloid-β (Aβ)-degrading enzyme neprilysin (NEP) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently identified risk alleles in the N...
Differential Impact of Retinal Lesions on Visual Responses of LGN X and Y Cells
Damage to retinal cells from disease or injury causes vision loss and remodeling of downstream visual information processing circuits. As retinal cell replacement therapies and prosthetics become incr...
Relating Scene Memory and Perception Activity to Functional Properties, Networks, and Landmarks of Posterior Cerebral Cortex—A Probabilistic Atlas
Adaptive behavior in complex environments requires integrating visual perception with memory of our spatial environment. Recent work has implicated three brain areas in posterior cerebral cortex—the p...
Uncertainty, Not Mental Content, Drives Dorsomedial Prefrontal Engagement during Inferences about Others
To navigate social life, humans make inferences about the intentions, beliefs, emotions, and personalities of other people, i.e., they mentalize. A network of brain regions consistently engages more d...
The Anterior Insula Processes a Time-Resolved Subjective Risk Prediction Error
The insula processes errors in the prediction of risky, motivationally relevant outcomes and thereby is thought to respond similarly to better-than-predicted and worse-than-predicted outcomes. However...
Excitability Modulations of Somatosensory Perception Do Not Depend on Feedforward Neuronal Population Spikes
Neural states shape perception at earliest cortical processing levels. Previous work in humans showed a relationship between initial cortical excitation, as indicated by the N20 component of the somat...
Synergistic Reinforcement Learning by Cooperation of the Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia
The cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and basal ganglia are essential for flexible learning in mammals. Although traditionally thought to operate under different learning rules, recent evidence suggests th...