Journal of Neuroscience

Shared Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Genetic Factors in Early Menarche and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Early age at menarche (early AAM) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are reproductive and metabolic disorders with overlapping pathophysiological and genetic features. Epidemiological studies sugges...

Retraction: Larson et al., “Soluble α-Synuclein is a Novel Modulator of Alzheimer’s Disease Pathophysiology”

Retraction: Larson et al., “The Complex PrP ^c -Fyn Couples Human Oligomeric Aβ with Pathological Tau Changes in Alzheimer’s Disease”

Erratum: DNA G-Quadruplex Is a Transcriptional Control Device That Regulates Memory

Erratum: Navarri et al., “Cells and Molecules Underpinning Cannabis-Related Variations in Cortical Thickness during Adolescence”

Early Life Stress Impairs VTA Coordination of BLA Network and Behavioral States

Motivated behaviors, such as social interactions, are governed by the interplay between mesocorticolimbic structures, such as the ventral tegmental area (VTA), basolateral amygdala (BLA), and medial p...

Reference Frames for Encoding of Translation and Tilt in the Caudal Cerebellar Vermis

Many daily behaviors rely on estimates of our body's motion and orientation in space. Vestibular signals are essential for such estimates, but to contribute appropriately, two key computations are req...

The Evolving Cerebellar and Cerebello-cortical Functional Connectivity Architecture during Infancy

The conventional understanding of the cerebellum as a sole movement control center has become obsolete, given its role in various higher-order functions, including cognition, emotion, and social proce...

Astrocyte Modulation of Synaptic Plasticity Mediated by Activity-Dependent Sonic Hedgehog Signaling

The influence of neural activity on astrocytes and their reciprocal interactions with neurons has emerged as an important modulator of synapse function. Astrocytes exhibit activity-dependent changes i...

Local Differences in Network Organization in the Auditory and Parietal Cortex, Revealed with Single Neuron Activation

The structure of local circuits is highly conserved across the cortex, yet the spatial and temporal properties of population activity differ fundamentally in sensory-level and association-level areas....

The Temporal Organization of Learned Vocal Behavior Is Predicted by Species Rather Than Experience

Birdsong is hierarchically organized in time, like speech and other communication behaviors. Syllables are produced in sequences to form song motifs and bouts. While syllables are copied from tutors,...

Characterizing Olfactory Brain Responses in Young Infants

Odor perception plays a critical role in early human development, but the underlying neural mechanisms are not fully understood. To investigate these, we presented appetitive and aversive odors to inf...

Prioritizing Working Memory Resources Depends on the Prefrontal Cortex

How the prefrontal cortex contributes to working memory remains controversial, as theories differ in their emphasis on its role in storing memories versus controlling their content. To adjudicate betw...

Does Amplitude Compression Help or Hinder Attentional Neural Speech Tracking?

Amplitude compression is an indispensable feature of contemporary audio production and especially relevant in modern hearing aids. The cortical fate of amplitude-compressed speech signals is not well...

Local Regulation of Striatal Dopamine Release Shifts from Predominantly Cholinergic in Mice to GABAergic in Macaques

Dopamine critically regulates neuronal excitability and promotes synaptic plasticity in the striatum, thereby shaping network connectivity and influencing behavior. These functions establish dopamine...

Pallidothalamic Circuit-Selective Manipulation Ameliorates Motor Symptoms in a Rat Model of Parkinsonian

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) effectively treats motor symptoms of advanced Parkinson's disease (PD), with the globus pallidus interna (GPi) commonly targeted. However, its therapeutic mechanisms remai...

Coronin1A Regulates the Trafficking of Alpha Synuclein in Microglia

Microglia respond to cytotoxic protein aggregates associated with the progression of neurodegenerative disease. Pathological protein aggregates activate the microglial NLRP3 inflammasome resulting in...

Neural Dynamics of the Processing of Speech Features: Evidence for a Progression of Features from Acoustic to Sentential Processing

When we listen to speech, our brain’s neurophysiological responses “track” its acoustic features, but it is less well understood how these auditory responses are enhanced by linguistic content. Here,...

Alpha-Synuclein Inhibits the Secretion of Extracellular Vesicles through Disruptions in YKT6 Lipidation

Parkinson's disease is characterized by the presence of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) primarily containing Lewy bodies in neurons. Despite decades of extensive research on α-syn accumulation, its molecular...

Compromising Tyrosine Hydroxylase Function Extends and Blunts the Temporal Profile of Reinforcement by Dopamine Neurons in <i>Drosophila</i>

For a proper representation of the causal structure of the world, it is adaptive to consider both evidence for and evidence against causality. To take punishment as an example, the causality of a stim...