Journal of Neuroscience
Articles in this Issue
Recalibrating Olfactory Neuroscience to the Range of Naturally Occurring Odor Concentrations
Sensory systems enable organisms to detect and respond to environmental signals relevant for their survival and reproduction. A crucial aspect of any sensory signal is its intensity; understanding how...
Choice Behaviors and Prefrontal–Hippocampal Coupling Are Disrupted in a Rat Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) are characterized by a range of physical, cognitive, and behavioral impairments. Determining how temporally specific alcohol exposure (AE) affects neural circu...
Brain State-Dependent Neocortico-Hippocampal Network Dynamics Are Modulated by Postnatal Stimuli
Neurons in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus discharge synchronously in a brain state-dependent manner to transfer information. Published studies have highlighted the temporal coordination of neuron...
Modulatory Neurotransmitter Genotypes Shape Dynamic Functional Connectome Reconfigurations
Dynamic reconfigurations of the functional connectome across different connectivity states are highly heritable, predictive of cognitive abilities, and linked to mental health. Despite their establish...
Amyloid-Beta Deposition in Basal Frontotemporal Cortex Is Associated with Selective Disruption of Temporal Mnemonic Discrimination
Cerebral amyloid-beta (Aβ) accumulation, a hallmark pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), precedes clinical impairment by two to three decades. However, it is unclear whether Aβ contributes to subtle...
Cell Adhesion Molecule Protocadherin-γC5 Ameliorates Aβ Plaque Pathogenesis by Modulating Astrocyte Function in Alzheimer's Disease
Accumulation of astrocytes around β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques is one of the earliest neuropathological changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the underlying mechanisms and significance remain unclear. Ce...
Longitudinal Sex-at-Birth and Age Analyses of Cortical Structure in the ABCD Study
While the brain continues to develop during adolescence, such development may depend on sex-at-birth. However, the elucidation of such differences may be hindered by analytical decisions (e.g., covari...
Network Mechanisms Underlying the Regional Diversity of Variance and Time Scales of the Brain's Spontaneous Activity Fluctuations
The brain's activity fluctuations have different temporal scales across the brain regions, with associative regions displaying slower timescales than sensory areas. This hierarchy of timescales has be...
Reduced Neural Responses to Natural Foreground versus Background Sounds in the Auditory Cortex
In everyday hearing, listeners face the challenge of understanding behaviorally relevant foreground stimuli (speech, vocalizations) in complex backgrounds (environmental, mechanical noise). Prior stud...
Calretinin-Expressing Neurons in the Basal Forebrain Specifically Contact Granule Cells in the Olfactory Bulb and Modulate Odor Learning
GABAergic neurons in basal forebrain (BF) nuclei project densely to all layers of the mouse main olfactory bulb (OB), the first relay in odor information processing. However, BF projection neurons are...
Noninvasive Brain Stimulation over the Frontopolar Cortex Promotes Willingness to Exert Cognitive Effort in a Foraging-Like Sequential Choice Task
Individuals avoid spending cognitive effort unless expected rewards offset the perceived costs. Recent work employing tasks that provide explicit information about demands and incentives suggests caus...
Absolute Number of Three Populations of Interneurons and All GABAergic Synapses in the Human Hippocampus
The human hippocampus, essential for learning and memory, is implicated in numerous neurological and psychiatric disorders, each linked to specific neuronal subpopulations. Advancing our understanding...
Right-Lateralization of the Visual Word Form Area after Left-Hemisphere Perinatal Stroke
In literate adults, an area along the left posterior fusiform gyrus that is often referred to as the “visual word form area” (VWFA) responds particularly strongly to written characters compared with o...
Neural Correlates of Perceptual Plasticity in the Auditory Midbrain and Thalamus
Hearing is an active process in which listeners must detect and identify sounds, segregate and discriminate stimulus features, and extract their behavioral relevance. Adaptive changes in sound detecti...
Melanin-Concentrating Hormone Projections to the Nucleus Accumbens Enhance the Reward Value of Food Consumption and Do Not Induce Feeding or REM Sleep
Regulation of food intake and energy balance is critical to survival. Hunger develops as a response to energy deficit and drives food-seeking and consumption. However, motivations to eat are varied in...