Journal of Neuroscience
Articles in this Issue
Critical Periods and Beyond: Dynamic Functions of Perineuronal Nets in Cognition, Development, and Disease
First discovered by Golgi, perineuronal nets (PNNs) are extracellular matrices that surround various neuron types in the nervous system. They have been found to emerge at the end of developmental crit...
Not Just Neurons: Pain Is Orchestrated in Partnership with Many Non-neuronal Cells
Pain is a symptom common to a wide variety of conditions and one that severely impacts an individual's everyday life, as well as having broader socioeconomic repercussions. In recent years, there has...
Circuit-Based Approaches to Understanding the Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC)
The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is essential for monitoring ongoing behavior, regulating affect, and guiding social interactions. Altered ACC structure and function are implicated in a host of psy...
Astrocytes as Therapeutic Targets in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Astrocytes play crucial roles in central nervous system homeostasis, regulating neuronal and synaptic activity, modulating immune responses, and preserving the integrity of the blood–brain barrier. Re...
Connectivity, Computation, and Plasticity of the Early Visual System
The visual system is a complex hierarchical structure that processes diverse visual information to guide cognition and behavior. Elucidating the principles that govern the development and function of...
Neural Representation of Episodic Time
Inspired by recent discoveries of neural populations that track time for specific moments (time cells) and elapsed durations (temporal context and periodic time cells), this review, based on a minisym...
Cognitive Maps in the Prefrontal Cortex
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is critical for our ability to rapidly and flexibly adapt our behavior in new environments based on our previous experience. Despite its importance, the neural substrates a...
Suppressing Sensation during Action across Species and Sensory Modalities: Predictive and Nonpredictive Mechanisms of Sensory Modulation
Perception and action are deeply intertwined processes that require the nervous system to distinguish between self-generated (reafferent) and externally generated (exafferent) sensory inputs. To maint...
Adenosine in the Brain: Recent Progress on Detection, Function, and Translation
Although adenosine was identified in the brain many decades ago, our understanding of when, where, and how it functions has expanded rapidly in recent years, driven in part by innovative technological...
Behavioral Timescale Synaptic Plasticity: A Burst in the Field of Learning and Memory
Hebbian synaptic plasticity is currently the main framework to relate neuronal activity, network structure, and learning and memory. However, recent experimental and computational modeling studies hav...
No Central Executive? Decision Formation Through Multi-Area Population Dynamics
Perceptual decision-making is the process by which sensory evidence is combined with prior knowledge and transformed into possible movement plans according to a rule or policy. Classic studies suggest...
Anxiety and Beyond: Diversity in Ventral Hippocampus Circuits and Function
The ventral hippocampus (vHPC), initially implicated in anxiety regulation, is now recognized for its broader role in integrating emotional, motivational, and contextual information. This review synth...
The Richness of Vision in the Mammalian Brain: Neural Codes for Visual Perception and Behavior in Three Dimensions
Successful navigation and interactions with objects in a complex, three-dimensional (3D) world are essential to survival, yet studies of the neural basis of visual perception and action often treat th...
APOE-Targeted Therapeutics for Alzheimer's Disease
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is the major lipid transport protein in the brain. Produced primarily by astrocytes and microglia, it delivers cholesterol and other lipids for membrane repair, synaptic mainte...
Shaping the Neocortex: Radial Glia and Astrocytes in Development and Evolution
The evolutionary expansion of the mammalian neocortex—especially in primates—underpins the emergence of advanced cognitive abilities. This process involved not only increased cortical surface area and...
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Research to Treat Overeating and Substance Use Disorders
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists have revolutionized the therapeutic landscape of diabetes and obesity, yet their therapeutic potential extends significantly further. Research using...
The Neuromuscular Junction: A Shared Vulnerability in Aging and Disease
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a specialized synapse essential for effective motor neuron–muscle communication and is increasingly recognized as a vulnerable site in aging and neuromuscular disea...
Development of Molecular Neuropathology in Down Syndrome across the Lifespan
Down syndrome (DS) is a common and recognizable genetic condition. Altered neurodevelopmental programs caused by trisomy 21 lead to the hallmark intellectual disability in early life. The increased li...
The Gut Microbiome as a Modulator of Traumatic Brain Injury Pathology and Symptoms
Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) affect millions annually, leading to devastating neurobehavioral consequences and increasing risk for neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. However, therapies are...
Behavior-Relevant Periodized Neural Representation of Acoustic But Not Tactile Rhythm in Humans
Music makes people move. This human propensity to coordinate movement with musical rhythm requires multiscale temporal integration, allowing fast sensory events composing rhythmic input to be mapped o...
Activity Deprivation Modulates the Shank3/Homer1/mGluR5 Signaling Pathway to Enable Synaptic Upscaling
Shank3 is an autism spectrum disorder-associated postsynaptic scaffold protein that links glutamate receptors to trafficking and signaling networks within the postsynaptic density. Shank3 is required...
Neural Sensitivity to the Heartbeat Is Modulated by Fluctuations in Affective Arousal during Spontaneous Thought
Spontaneous thoughts, occupying much of one's awake time in daily life, are often colored by emotional qualities. While spontaneous thoughts have been associated with various neural correlates, the re...
Co-release of GABA and ACh from Medial Olivocochlear Neurons as a Fine Regulatory Mechanism of Cochlear Efferent Inhibition
During development, inner hair cells (IHCs) in the mammalian cochlea are unresponsive to acoustic stimuli but instead exhibit spontaneous activity. During this same period, neurons originating from th...
Collapsing Perisomatic Inhibition Leads to Epileptic Fast-Ripple Oscillations Caused by Pseudosynchronous Firing of CA3 Pyramidal Neurons
Diverse network oscillations, thought to represent different information processing modes of cortical networks, are accompanied by synchronous neuronal activity at various temporal scales. Sharp wave-...