Journal of Neuroscience
Articles in this Issue
Comparison of Signals from Cerebellar Purkinje Cells and Deep Nuclei during Temporal Prediction in Primates
The cerebellum is crucial for predictive motor control and learning, but growing evidence suggests that it also generates forward models for nonmotor functions. Previous studies have reported periodic...
Ventral Striatal Cholinergic Interneurons Regulate Decision-Making or Motor Impulsivity Differentially across Learning and Biological Sex
Dopaminergic transmission within the ventral striatum is broadly implicated in risk/reward decision-making and impulse control, and the rat gambling task (rGT) measures both behaviors concurrently. Wh...
High-Pressure Freezing EM Tomography of Entire Ribbon Synapses in the Retina
In the retina, presynaptic active zones in photoreceptors and bipolar cells are distinguished by a plate-like “ribbon” linked to the plasma membrane (PM) and surrounded by dozens of synaptic vesicles...
Dendrite-Targeting Inhibitory Interneurons Form Biased Circuits with Deep and Superficial Pyramidal Cells in Hippocampal CA1
In the CA1 hippocampus, pyramidal cells (PCs) can be classified as deep or superficial based on their radial position within the stratum pyramidale. Deep and superficial PCs form biased circuits with...
Repeated Morphine Exposure Reversibly Impairs Spike Generation and Repetitive Firing in a Functionally Distinct Subpopulation of Orexin Neurons
Orexin (hypocretin) neuropeptides regulate numerous essential functions including sleep/wake state stability and reward processing. Orexin synthesizing neurons respond to drug cues and undergo structu...
Brain Representation of Numerosity across the Senses and Presentation Formats
Humans can extract numerosity from different senses and a variety of context. How and where the brain abstract numerical information from low-level sensory inputs remains debated. Using multivariate p...
Restoration of sFRP3 Preserves the Neural Stem Cell Pool and Spatial Discrimination Ability in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) have an increased incidence of seizures, which worsen cognitive decline. Using a transgenic mouse model of AD neuropathology that exhibits spontaneous seizure...
Dopamine and Temporal Discounting: Revisiting Pharmacology and Individual Differences
Disorders characterized by changes in dopamine (DA) neurotransmission are often linked to changes in the temporal discounting of future rewards. Likewise, pharmacological manipulations of DA neurotran...
Attentional Engagement with Target and Distractor Streams Predicts Speech Comprehension in Multitalker Environments
Understanding speech while ignoring competing speech streams in the surrounding environment is challenging. Previous studies have demonstrated that attention shapes the neural representation of speech...
Frontoparietal Hubs Leverage Probabilistic Representations and Integrated Uncertainty to Guide Cognitive Flexibility
Adaptive behavior requires integrating information from multiple sources. These sources can originate from distinct channels, such as internally maintained latent cognitive representations or external...
Widely Used CaMKII Regulatory Segment Mutations Cause Tight Actinin Binding and Dendritic Spine Enlargement in Unstimulated Neurons
Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is essential for long-term potentiation (LTP) of excitatory synapses, a process fundamental to learning....
Bias in Visual Short-Term Memory for Motion Induced by Perceptually Suppressed Distractors
Interference between visual short-term memory (VSTM) and task-irrelevant sensory distractors is a well-documented phenomenon across a wide range of visual features. Although this sensory–memory interf...
Orofacial Movements: Individuality and Stereotypy When Mice Move a Single Whisker to Touch
A key function of the brain is to move the body through a rich, complex environment. When rodents engage with their environment, they move their whiskers as they extract tactile information. Even thou...
Neural Oscillation as a Selective Modulatory Mechanism on Decision Confidence, Speed, and Accuracy
Neural oscillations have been associated with decision-making processes, but their underlying network mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigates how neural oscillations influence decision netw...
Identifying Key Regulators in Odorant Receptor Trafficking
Odor detection in mammals is primarily mediated by odorant receptors (ORs), the largest family of G-protein-coupled receptors, expressed in olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs; Buck and Axel, 1991). Howev...
Mental Images from Long-Term Memory Differ from Perception: Evidence for Distinct Spatial Formats and Distinct Mechanisms of Spatial Attention Orientation
How is spatial attention deployed in mental images? Mental imagery is often assumed to share mechanisms with visual perception and visual working memory. Top-down, endogenous spatial attention in both...
Hippocampal–Cortical Networks Predict Conceptual versus Perceptually Guided Narrative Memory
Current theories of event memory propose distinct connections between the hippocampus and neocortical regions, particularly those within the default mode network (DMN) subsystems, to support processin...
Contents of Visual Predictions Oscillate at Alpha Frequencies
Predictions of future events have a major impact on how we process sensory signals. However, it remains unclear how the brain keeps predictions online in anticipation of future inputs. Here, we combin...
The Role of Chaf1b in Maintaining Glioma Stem Cell Stemness and Regulating Microglial Polarization
Glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive tumor in the adult central nervous system, remains a major therapeutic challenge due to its high recurrence and resistance to conventional therapies. Recent evi...
Differential and Temporally Dynamic Involvement of Primate Amygdala Nuclei in Face Reality and Reward Information Processing
Decision-making is influenced by both expected rewards and social factors, such as who offers the outcomes. Therefore, although a reward might originally be independent of social factors, the two elem...