Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Articles in this Issue
Functional recovery of the adult murine hippocampus after cryopreservation by vitrification
Cryopreserving the adult brain is challenging due to damage from ice formation, and traditional freezing methods fail to maintain neural architecture and function. Vitrification offers a promising alt...
METTL3-mediated N6-methyladenosine modification of <i>Dnajb1</i> modulates cardiomyocyte ferroptosis during myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction (MI) affects millions of individuals worldwide, with ferroptosis recognized as a pivotal regulated cell death pathway in this context. N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most prevalen...
Cooperation and the evolution of bacterial niche breadth
Bacteria exhibit varying niche breadths, with generalists thriving in diverse environments and specialists confined to specific habitats. Although genes for cooperative traits have been suggested to i...
The dynamic response of the bacterial flagellar motor to its direct intracellular input signal
The bacterial flagellar motor drives bacterial swimming and chemotaxis by rotating helical flagellar filaments. When Escherichia coli navigates chemical gradien...
Unified protein–small molecule graph neural networks for binding site prediction
Predicting small molecule binding sites on proteins remains a key challenge in structure-based drug discovery. While AlphaFold3 has transformed protein structure prediction, accurate identification of...
ATP synthase activity boosts membrane proton acceptance and lateral diffusion
In most organisms, ATP synthesis is powered by the proton motive force (pmf) and catalyzed by ATP synthase. While the chemiosmotic theory originally proposed a “delocalized coupling” between proton pu...
Functional significance of morphological variation in the mechanosensory lateral line system of fishes and its biomimetic potential
The mechanosensory lateral line system, found in all fishes, detects water movement and pressure fields and mediates crucial behaviors in aquatic environments. Neuromast sensory organs, the functional...
Collectin-11 regulates osteoclastogenesis and bone maintenance via a complement-dependent mechanism
The human developmental disorder 3MC syndrome (Malpuech, Michels, Mingarelli, and Carnevale) features skeletal deformities associated with a deficiency of the pattern recognition molecule collectin-11...
FUT1- and GAL3ST2-mediated cellular glycan remodeling broadly restricts sialic acid–dependent viral infections
Sialic acid is an abundant terminal glycan found on the surface of almost all mammalian cells and is utilized by many viruses as an attachment factor and/or bona fide receptor. Altering canonical cell...
Spike destabilization attenuates Mink Cluster 5 SARS-CoV-2
Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has shown the capacity to infect a wide range of nonhuman hosts, including farmed mink. In early 2020, a...
Direct optical observation of solid electrolyte interphase formation dynamics in lithium-ion batteries
Lithium-ion battery formation is a pivotal step that dictates performance, longevity, and manufacturing safety. At the core of this process is the formation and evolution of the solid electrolyte inte...
Topography influences megadune distribution and morphology
Dunes are widely distributed on Earth and other extraterrestrial bodies, yet relatively little is known about what controls their maximum size. Earth’s megadunes (>100 m tall) have traditionally be...
The finite-difference parquet method: Enhanced electron–paramagnon scattering opens a pseudogap
We present the finite-difference parquet method that greatly improves the applicability and accuracy of two-particle correlation approaches to interacting electron systems. This method incorporates th...
Stochasticity in mammalian cell growth rates drives cell-to-cell variability independently of cell size and divisions
Cell growth rates exhibit cell-intrinsic cell-to-cell variability, which influences cell fitness and size homeostasis from bacteria to cancer. It remains unclear whether this variability arises from s...
Adsorption and reaction of SO <sub>2</sub> , H <sub>2</sub> S, and N <sub>2</sub> O on graphene/silicon(111): Successful quest for a metal-free catalyst—Theory and experiment
Graphene supported on Si(111) (short Gr/Si) is one of the very few examples of a metal-free carbon catalyst that catalyzes gas–surface reactions. Kinetics measurements indicate dissociation of SO...
Chirality amplification and chiral segregation in liquid crystals
Liquid crystal mesophases of achiral molecules are normally achiral, yet in a few materials they spontaneously segregate and form right- and left-handed chiral domains. One mechanism that drives chira...
Evolutionary trade-offs under stochastic water stress shape xylem vulnerability to drought
Damage to the water supply system in plants (xylem) during water stress is a major cause of plant mortality under drought. However, theory is lacking for the evolutionary emergence of, and variation i...
Climate-driven divergence in biophysical and economic impacts of agrivoltaics
Increasing global demands for food and energy necessitate innovative land-use solutions. Agrivoltaics, colocating solar photovoltaics with agriculture, shows promise, but its widespread adoption faces...
Ocean warming enhances iron use efficiencies of marine ammonia-oxidizing archaea
Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) are among the most abundant microorganisms in the ocean, playing a fundamental role in the marine nitrogen cycle. Although temperature and trace metal availability each...
Dynamics of the attentional blink in preverbal infants
In the first months postterm, human infants are traditionally viewed as passive to their environment, unable to focus or sustain attention on specific objects. Here, we asked whether 4-mo-old infants...
Head-to-head comparison of brain-derived pTau217 and total pTau217 for brain amyloid and tau pathology classification
Phosphorylated-tau 217 (pTau217) is currently the most promising blood-based biomarker for accurately detecting Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. However, interference from peripheral tau species in...
Huntington’s disease LIG1 modifier variant increases ligase fidelity and suppresses somatic CAG repeat expansion
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by inheriting an expanded CAG repeat tract in the huntingtin gene ( HTT ) that further ex...
HES1 oscillations are required for cell cycle reentry in oestrogen receptor–positive breast cancer cells
Long-term recurrence in breast cancer is driven by reactivation of dormant disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) and remains a major clinical challenge, particularly in estrogen receptor–positive (ER...
ADAR-GPT: Learning the language of the epitranscriptome
Phagocytes as plaque catalysts: Human macrophages generate seeding-competent Aβ42 fibrils with cross-seeding activity
The prevailing view frames microglia and macrophages as guardians against amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, we overturn this paradigm by demonstrating that human phagoc...