Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Articles in this Issue
Reply to Musculus et al.: A case of offside in scientific discourse?
Why “decoding the elite soccer player’s psychological profile” fails to score
Structure of the virulence-associated <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> filamentous bacteriophage MDAΦ
Neisseria meningitidis is a human commensal bacterium that can opportunistically invade the bloodstream and cross the blood–brain barrier, where it can cause septicemia and meningi...
Participation bias in the estimation of heritability and genetic correlation
It is increasingly recognized that participation bias can pose problems for genetic studies. Recently, to overcome the challenge that genetic information of nonparticipants is unavailable, it is shown...
Diffusion-limited settling of highly porous particles in density-stratified fluids
The vertical transport of solid material in a stratified medium is fundamental to a number of environmental applications, with implications for the carbon cycle and nutrient transport in marine ecosys...
Synergetic hydrogen-bond network of functionalized graphene and cations for enhanced atmospheric water capture
Water molecules at the solid–liquid interface display intricate behaviors sensitive to small changes. The presence of different interfacial components, such as cations or functional groups, shapes the...
Gut microbiome and host TOR pathway interact to regulate predator-induced aversive memory in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>
The gut microbiome has emerged as a key factor influencing a wide range of host physiological processes and behaviors, though the mechanisms behind these effects remain only partially understood. In t...
Large language models show amplified cognitive biases in moral decision-making
As large language models (LLMs) become more widely used, people increasingly rely on them to make or advise on moral decisions. Some researchers even propose using LLMs as participants in psychology e...
AI assessment changes human behavior
AI is increasingly replacing human decision-makers across domains. AI-based tools have become particularly common in assessment decisions, such as when recruiting employees or admitting students. Call...
A norm about harvest division is maintained by a desire to follow tradition, not by social policing
Determining how people behave in contexts governed by social norms can clarify both how norms influence human behavior and how norms evolve. We examined cooperative farming harvest division among the...
Multistage nucleation pathway in LiF molten salt mirrors the crystal–melt interface structure
Despite over a century of studies, fundamental questions remain about the processes governing crystal nucleation from melts or solutions. Research over the past three decades has presented mounting ev...
Beyond additive genetic effects: Explaining family resemblance in school performance across millions of pairs of Norwegian relatives
We investigate the hypothesis that family resemblance on school performance can be fully explained by additive genetic effects and assortative mating. Our sample consists of all schoolchildren who too...
ATP-gated P2x7 receptors express at type II auditory nerves and required for efferent hearing control and noise protection
Negative feedback of the cochlear efferent system plays a critical role in control of hearing sensitivity and protection from noise trauma. Type II auditory nerves (ANs) innervate outer hair cells (OH...
Basic interactions responsible for thymus function explain the convoluted medulla shape
The thymus is one of the most important organs of the immune system. It is responsible for both the production of T cells and the prevention of their autoimmunity. It comprises two types of tissue: Th...
Model-based algorithms shape automatic evaluative processing
Computational theories of reinforcement learning suggest that two families of algorithm—model-based and model-free—tightly map onto the classic distinction between automatic and deliberate systems of...
Measurement of the dynamic charge susceptibility near the charge density wave transition in ErTe <sub>3</sub>
A charge density wave (CDW) is a phase of matter characterized by a periodic modulation of valence electron density coupled with lattice distortion. Its formation is closely tied to the dynamical char...
Global universal scaling and ultrasmall parameterization in machine-learning interatomic potentials with superlinearity
Using machine learning (ML) to construct interatomic interactions and thus potential energy surface (PES) has become a common strategy for materials design and simulations. However, those current mode...
Deep structure–function analysis of the endonuclease Mus81 with dominant mutational scanning
Protein structure–function relationships are critical for understanding molecular mechanisms and the impacts of genetic variation. Mutational scanning approaches can deliver scalable analysis, usually...
A self-assembling surface layer flattens the cytokinetic furrow to aid cell division in an archaeon
The surface layer or “S-layer” is a two-dimensional lattice of proteins that coats a wide range of archaea and bacteria in place of a cell wall or capsular polysaccharides. S-layers are thought to pla...
Social influence during public crises: Weekly dynamics and adaptive patterns of conformity to the collective following the COVID-19 outbreak
Regional collectivism has been observed to contribute to better coping with public crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This study poses a reverse question: Does the eruption of public crises increas...
Information rate of meaningful communication
In Shannon’s seminal paper, the entropy of printed English, treated as a stationary stochastic process, was estimated to be roughly 1 bit per character. However, considered as a means of communication...
Longitudinal sequencing reveals polygenic and epistatic nature of genomic response to selection
Evolutionary adaptation to new environments likely results from a combination of selective sweeps and polygenic shifts, depending on the genetic architecture of traits under selection. While selective...
A novel protocol for the direct isolation of a highly pure and regenerative population of satellite stem cells
The utility of a pure population of highly regenerative satellite stem cells (SSCs) is a prerequisite for successful cell-based muscle therapies. Previous works have reported several methods for the S...
How surface charges affect interdroplet freezing
The freezing of droplets on surfaces is closely relevant with various industrial processes such as aviation, navigation, and transportation. Previous studies mainly focus on physiochemically heterogen...
Combined targeting of PRDX6 and GSTP1 as a potential differentiation strategy for neuroblastoma treatment
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a heterogeneous childhood cancer, characterized by the amplification of the MYCN oncogene in 40% of the high-risk cases. Our previous work...