Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Articles in this Issue
Growth in confinement promotes <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> tolerance to antibiotics
Bacteria often proliferate within confined spaces imposed by host tissues, extracellular matrices, or their own biofilms where cells press against surrounding materials and experience elevated mechani...
Comprehensive mutagenesis defines the functional landscape of human α-tubulin
Interpreting missense variants in highly conserved, paralog-rich gene families remains a major barrier to understanding protein function and advancing precision medicine. Here, we combine comprehensiv...
What leads to administrative bloat? A dynamic model of administrative cost and waste
The functioning of complex systems depends on the coordination of diverse components, often supported by regulatory structures that incur costs. In human organizations, such costs manifest as administ...
Symmetry-breaking thermomagnetic dynamics of ferrofluid: Oscillation, spontaneous rotation, and flow bistability under laser irradiation
Fluidic oscillation and flow bistability—classical signatures of nonlinear fluid dynamics—typically occur at high Reynolds numbers, whereas the Rosensweig instability, manifested as spike formation on...
Correction for Craig et al., Lipid residue analysis reveals divergent culinary practices in Japan and Korea at the dawn of intensive agriculture
Mechanistic links between coexistence, productivity, and stability in experimental grasslands
The escalating biodiversity crisis underscores the urgent need for a unified framework that links the mechanisms maintaining biodiversity to its functional consequences. However, studies of species co...
Parsing the functions of immediate-early proteins in the lytic–latent balance of HCMV infection
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) establishes lifelong latency, during which immediate-early (IE) gene expression is strongly repressed. IE1 and IE2 are considered master regulators of the lytic cycle, yet...
mRNA-laden LNP-enabled in situ CAR-macrophage alleviates liver fibrosis via inhibiting activated HSCs and modulating the immune microenvironment
Liver fibrosis, marked by an abnormal buildup of extracellular matrix (ECM), poses a major health threat. Myofibroblasts, predominantly derived from hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and portal fibroblast...
The diffusion of large language models in published academic articles
Large language models (LLMs) are rapidly changing academic research, raising questions of who is adopting these tools and under what conditions. This article analyzes full texts of 7.3 million journal...
Marine upper-tropospheric rapid particle formation dominated by methanesulfonic acid
New particle formation (NPF) in the marine upper troposphere sustains one of the largest global aerosol reservoirs that seeds cloud condensation nuclei in the lower troposphere, with far-reaching impl...
Correction for Astley et al., Global monitoring of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic through online surveys sampled from the Facebook user base
A centrin–Sfi1 myoneme fishnet powers ultrafast calcium-triggered contraction in the giant ciliate <i>Spirostomum ambiguum</i>
Spirostomum is a giant unicellular ciliate that contracts to a quarter of its body length in less than five milliseconds, achieving an order of magnitude higher fractional shorteni...
Path integration in complex number space
Desert ants and foraging rodents return home along surprisingly direct paths after meandering outward journeys. Traditional path integration models explain this through cumulative vector addition, yet...
The cost of caring: Gendered health and labor market effects of grandparenthood
While the effects of the transition to parenthood are well researched, less is known about how the transition to grandparenthood affects health and labor market outcomes. Using comprehensive Norwegian...
Fractionally quantized recurrence detection times in monitored quantum many-body systems
Recurrence time quantifies the duration required for a physical system to return to its initial state, playing a pivotal role in understanding the predictability of complex systems. In quantum systems...
Boson peak in covalent network glasses: Isostaticity and marginal stability
The excess vibrational states relative to the Debye model of solids, referred to as the boson peak (BP), are a key feature of glasses and amorphous materials. These excess states underlie anomalous th...
Traveling waves in a continuum model of schooling swimmers
The complex formations exhibited by schooling fish have long been the object of fascination for biologists and physicists. However, the physical and sensory mechanisms leading to organized collective...
A high-resolution, US-scale digital similar of interacting livestock, wild birds, and human ecosystems for multihost epidemic spread
One Health issues, such as the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza, present unique challenges at the human–animal–environmental interface. Ongoing H5N1 outbreaks underscore the urgent need for...
<i>Akkermansia muciniphila</i> –derived L-norleucine modulates FABP1-dependent fatty acid transport
Fatty acids undergo re-esterification to form triglycerides or are directly oxidized for energy production following absorption. Fatty acid binding protein 1 (FABP1), a key transporter highly expresse...
Ancient DNA from shells reveals delayed genomic erosion and rapid immune adaptation in the critically endangered black abalone
Predicting the genetic consequences of population decline is a major problem in conservation genomics. Time lags following demographic bottlenecks can delay genomic erosion and make it difficult to de...
Dynamic confinement controls the porous-to-free convection transition
Convection in porous materials governs heat transport across scales ranging from planetary subsurface systems to engineered cooling devices. While the onset of buoyancy-driven flow is well described b...
Toward systems agroecology: Risk–reward balance, emergent plant communities, and temporal weather map in multiplant farming
Although monoculture is a common practice, its fragility, high input requirements, and significant environmental impact underscore the need to seek alternatives. Polyculture, inspired by naturally occ...
AI-assisted teams outperform AI-led teams but not human-only teams in assessing research reproducibility in quantitative social science
Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT are transforming how scientists conduct and validate research, offering promise as tools to improve scientific reproducibility. However, computational repr...
Entanglement-driven responses through multiscale 3D-printed knits
Filamentous entanglements such as textiles achieve resilience and toughness through topology rather than material composition alone. Yet architected materials rarely exploit dense interlooping and sli...
Theory of chromosome structural dynamics by processive loop extrusion
The processivity of Structural Maintenance of Chromosome complexes defines the characteristic run length and lifetime of loop extrusion events, which set up the large-scale architecture of chromosomes...