Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Articles in this Issue
Reply to Fiscella: Why study erosion now? And why these risk factors?
Research needed on tipping points and reversal of erosions in democracy
Unveiling the cold reality of metamorphic proteins
Metamorphic proteins switch reversibly between two differently folded states under a variety of environmental conditions. Their identification and prediction are gaining attention, but the fundamental...
Correction for Yao et al., An organic electrochemical neuron for a neuromorphic perception system
Correction for Rashid et al., Nonpathological inflammation drives the development of an avian flight adaptation
Molecular design principles for bipolar spindle organization by two opposing motors
During cell division in animal cells, a bipolar spindle assembles to segregate the chromosomes. Various motor proteins with different properties are essential for spindle self-organization. The minima...
Substrate specificities of two ketosynthases in eukaryotic microalgal and prokaryotic marine bacterial DHA synthases
Highly reducing iterative polyketide synthases (HR-iPKSs) are huge enzyme complexes with multiple catalytic domains that biosynthesize polyketides by intrinsically programmed iterative carbon chain ex...
Primitive homochiral polyester formation driven by tartaric acid and calcium availability
α-hydroxy acids (αHAs), simple and prebiotically plausible organic monomers, were likely present in various environments on and off Earth and could have played a role in directing the emergence of the...
Global phase diagram of D-wave superconductivity in the square-lattice <i>t-J</i> model
The Hubbard and closely related t-J models are exciting platforms for unconventional superconductivity (SC). Through state-of-the-art density matrix renormaliza...
The Mediator subunit OsMED23 associates with the histone demethylase OsJMJ703 and the transcription factor OsWOX3A to control grain size and yield in rice
Seed size is one of the important yield traits, and size control is also a fundamental developmental question. The knowledge about the genetic and molecular mechanisms that govern seed size is crucial...
High-density CRISPRi screens reveal diverse routes to improved acclimation in cyanobacteria
Cyanobacteria are the oldest form of photosynthetic life on Earth and contribute to primary production in nearly every habitat, from permafrost to hot springs. Despite longstanding interest in the acc...
BCFW tilings and cluster adjacency for the amplituhedron
In 2005, Britto, Cachazo, Feng, and Witten gave a recurrence (now known as the BCFW recurrence) for computing scattering amplitudes in N = 4 super Yang–Mills th...
Age-dependent cytokine surge in blood precedes cancer diagnosis
Aging is associated with increased variability and dysregulation of the immune system. We performed a system-level analysis of serum cytokines in a longitudinal cohort of 133 healthy individuals over...
The architecture of sponge choanocyte chambers is well adapted to mechanical pumping functions
Sponges, the basalmost members of the animal kingdom, exhibit a range of complex architectures in which microfluidic channels connect multitudes of spherical chambers lined with choanocytes, flagellat...
Structural elucidation of how ARF small GTPases induce membrane tubulation for vesicle fission
ADP-Ribosylation Factor (ARF) small GTPases have been found to act in vesicle fission through a direct ability to tubulate membrane. We have pursued cryoelectron microscopy (EM) to reveal at 3.9 Å res...
Pulsatile flow induces chromatin interaction with lamin-associated proteins to enrich H3K9 methylation in endothelial cells
Endothelial cells (ECs) are constantly exposed to hemodynamic forces, which play a crucial role in regulating EC functions. Pulsatile laminar shear stress (PS), representing atheroprotective flow, mai...
ETV5 reduces androgen receptor expression and induces neural stem–like properties during neuroendocrine prostate cancer development
Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), an aggressive subtype induced by hormone therapy, lacks effective treatments. This study explored the role of E26 transformation-specific variant 5 (ETV5) in NEP...
Decoding in-cell respiratory enzyme dynamics by label-free in situ electrochemistry
Deciphering metabolic enzyme catalysis in living cells remains a formidable challenge due to the limitations of in vivo assays, which focus on enzymes isolated from respiration. This study introduces...
Coarse-graining bacterial diffusion in disordered media to surface states
Bacterial motility in spatially structured environments impacts a variety of natural and engineering processes. Constructing models to predict, control, and design bacterial motility for these process...
Isolated steady solutions of the 3D Euler equations
We show that there exist closed three-dimensional Riemannian manifolds where the incompressible Euler equations exhibit smooth steady solutions that are isolated in the C...
Accelerated peptide bond formation at air–water interfaces
Peptides and proteins, essential components of living organisms, are composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. However, the mechanism of peptide bond formation during the prebiotic era remains...
Active matter as the underpinning agency for extraordinary sensitivity of biological membranes to electric fields
Interaction of electric fields with biological cells is indispensable for many physiological processes. Thermal electrical noise in the cellular environment has long been considered as the minimum thr...
Ternary surface complexation promotes simultaneous removal of arsenic and uranium by TiO <sub>2</sub>
The co-occurrence of arsenic and uranium in groundwater has been found in many countries, posing a significant challenge to human health. Here, we have demonstrated the efficient simultaneous removal...
Red-light signaling pathway activates desert cyanobacteria to prepare for desiccation tolerance
Desiccation-tolerant cyanobacteria are able to survive frequent cycles of hydration and dehydration, which are closely linked to diurnal light oscillations. Previous studies have shown that light serv...
Ectopic germinal centers in the nasal turbinates contribute to B cell immunity to intranasal viral infection and vaccination
The nasal mucosa is the first immunologically active site that respiratory viruses encounter and establishing immunity at the initial point of pathogen contact is essential for preventing viral spread...