Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Articles in this Issue
Scaling and mechanical optimality of bristled wings in microinsects
It is crucial for both animal evolution and engineering to optimize the relative size of structures. Animal wings are no exception, every structural design having its limits in terms of achievable siz...
Laser-emitting aqueous bioreactors for ultrasensitive bioactivity analysis
Water droplets, acting as natural bioreactors and optical whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) resonators, hold the potential for laser-assisted analysis. However, water/aqueous droplet lasers can only survi...
The <i>Medicago truncatula</i> lncRNA <i>ENOD40</i> is a mediator of <i>microRNA169</i> -controlled <i>NF-YA</i> activity in nodule initiation
The hallmark of the legume lncRNA EARLY NODULIN40 ( ENOD40 ), involved in rhizobium-induced nodulation, is the presence...
Hippocampal mismatch signals are based on episodic memories and not schematic knowledge
Prediction errors drive learning by signaling mismatches between expectations and reality, but the neural systems supporting these computations remain debated. The hippocampus is implicated in mismatc...
Replay in the human visual cortex during brief task pauses is linked to implicit learning of successor representations
Humans can implicitly learn about multistep sequential relationships between events in the environment from their statistical co-occurrence. Theoretical work has suggested that neural replay is a cand...
Underappreciated role of canopy nitrogen deposition for forest productivity
Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition is generally expected to stimulate plant carbon (C) sequestration and promote tree growth, thereby mitigating atmospheric CO 2...
Definition of the components required for selective packaging of coronavirus genomic RNA
Most cytoplasmic RNA viruses have evolved mechanisms to identify their genomic RNA (gRNA) as the sole RNA species to be packaged into assembled virions. Coronaviruses exhibit highly selective packagin...
Reduced gas accretion onto galaxies due to effects of external giant radio lobes
Suppression effects of giant radio lobes from supermassive black holes on gas accretion onto galaxies in the surrounding regions are quantified using cosmological magneto-hydrodynamic simulations. Wit...
FliO is an evolutionarily conserved yet diversified core component of the bacterial flagellar type III secretion system
The bacterial flagellum is a complex nanomachine essential for motility, environmental sensing, and host colonization. While many of its core components have been well characterized, the relevance of...
Diverse thioether macrocyclized peptides through a radical SAM maturase
Disulfide bonds stabilize many bioactive peptides, but their susceptibility to reduction under physiological conditions limits broad applicability in biotechnology. PapB is a promiscuous radical...
Negative interplay between HIV-1 Gag and amyloid precursor protein centers around competition for VPS4A and TSG101
Intracellular multivesicular bodies (MVBs) act as sites of assembly and release of HIV type 1 (HIV-1) in macrophages and microglia. Recent work has shown that processing of amyloid precursor protein (...
<sup>FADD</sup> DED filaments coordinate complex IIa assembly during TNF-induced apoptosis
Extrinsic apoptosis is initiated by signaling from death receptors, leading to the assembly of RIPK1, FADD, and caspase-8 complex. Subsequently, caspase-8 forms a filamentous structure through the oli...
Synaptic transmission is dispensable for selecting the winner input but is crucial for the subsequent events of synapse elimination
Synaptic transmission has long been thought to regulate neuronal wiring during postnatal development, but this assumption remains largely untested. Selective strengthening of a single “winner” climbin...
Self-generated chemotaxis of mixed cell populations
Cell and tissue movement in development, cancer invasion, and immune response relies on chemical or mechanical guidance cues. In many systems, this behavior is locally directed by self-generated signa...
Nano-biochar regulates phage–host interactions, reducing antibiotic resistance genes in vermicomposting systems
Biochar amendment reshapes microbial community dynamics in vermicomposting, but the mechanism of how phages respond to this anthropogenic intervention and regulate the dissemination of antibiotic resi...
Aphid herbivory on macrophytes drives adaptive evolution in an aquatic community via indirect effects
Indirect ecological effects occur when the impact of one species on another is mediated by a third species or the shared environment. Although indirect effects are ubiquitous in nature, we know remark...
RyR1-mediated Ca <sup>2+</sup> -induced Ca <sup>2+</sup> release plays a negligible role in excitation–contraction coupling of normal skeletal muscle
Type 1 ryanodine receptor (RyR1) is a Ca 2+ release channel in the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle. In excitation–contraction (E-C) coupling, RyR1 ope...
The functional dynamics of FicD’s TPR domain are modulated by the interaction with ATP and BiP
The human Fic enzyme FicD plays an important role in regulating the Hsp70 homolog BiP in the endoplasmic reticulum: FicD reversibly modulates BiP’s activity through attaching an adenosine monophosphat...
Correction for Rege et al., Evolution of insulin at the edge of foldability and its medical implications
Correction for Bastani et al., Generative AI without guardrails can harm learning: Evidence from high school mathematics
Identification of broadly inhibitory anti-PfEMP1 antibodies by mass spectrometry sequencing of plasma IgG from a malaria-exposed child
Plasmodium falciparum pathology is driven by the accumulation of parasite-infected erythrocytes in blood capillaries. This sequestration process is mediated by the parasite’s...
Correction for Kuroda et al., Bim and Bad mediate imatinib-induced killing of Bcr/Abl <sup>+</sup> leukemic cells, and resistance due to their loss is overcome by a BH3 mimetic
Pervasive and recurrent hybridization prevents inbreeding in Europe’s most threatened seabird
Hybridization is a double-edged sword: While it can erode distinct evolutionary lineages, it can also introduce genetic diversity and adaptive potential into dwindling populations. In the Critically E...
A FRET assay to monitor different structural states of human β-cardiac myosin including the interacting-heads motif
In cardiac muscle, myosin molecules exist in multiple structural states as they transit through their ATPase cycle, including an off-cycle resting or OFF-state with their catalytic heads in a folded s...
Danicamtiv reduces myosin’s working stroke but activates the thin filament by accelerating actomyosin attachment
Heart failure is a leading cause of death worldwide, and even with current treatments, the 5-y transplant-free survival rate is only ~50 to 70%. As such, there is a need to develop new treatments for...