Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Articles in this Issue
Climate mediates phenological and phylogenetic differentiation in plant invasions
Darwin’s Naturalization Conundrum holds that both functional similarity and distinctiveness can facilitate biological invasions: invaders similar to natives may succeed through preadaptation to local...
Extreme nonequilibrium synthesis of a Ca–Cu–Si clathrate during the Trinity nuclear test
The Trinity nuclear test of July 16, 1945, generated extreme transient conditions that produced trinitite, a silicate glass containing rare metallic phases. Here we report the discovery and structural...
Spectral mapping reveals a resemblance of the anesthetic brain state to both sleep and coma
General anesthesia is often compared to sleep but may more closely resemble a medically induced coma. While all three states involve a loss of awareness, the extent of their neural similarity remains...
Layer-specific genetic variation unlocks secondary metabolite diversity in long-lived clonal peppermint
Mutations that arise in the shoot apical meristems can become fixed, but typically only in one of the meristem layers. Therefore, in long-lived, clonally propagated species, polymorphic genomes coexis...
Age-based approach to characterize the dynamics of cellular processes
Cells continuously produce and degrade molecules, essential for maintaining homeostasis. The study of these dynamics has gained momentum since the development of pulse–chase methods, utilizing fluores...
Collective motion in bacterial suspensions is scale-free
In suspensions of swimming bacteria, individual cells interact via long-range hydrodynamic forces and self-organize into collective states that drive large-scale chaotic flows, commonly referred to as...
Forbidden Sidon subsets of perfect difference sets, featuring a human-assisted proof
We resolve a $1,000 Erdős prize problem, complete with formal verification generated by a large language model. In over a dozen papers, beginning in 1976 and spanning two decades, Paul Erdős repeatedl...
Indoor thermoregulatory homeostasis using hydrodynamic instability
Branching patterns can emerge when one fluid is injected into a more viscous one within a quasi-two-dimensional cavity. While these patterns have dazzled physicists for decades, modern engineering eff...
On the large-scale radiative cooling induced by tropical cyclone activity
Tropical cyclones (TCs) are among the most energetic phenomena in the climate system. Given their energetic nature, TCs induce upscale effects on the climate system, although these effects have not be...
Correction for Scherrer et al., Characterizing sliding and rolling contacts between single particles
Capturing nuclear quantum effects in high-pressure superconducting hydrides and ice with nuclear–electronic orbital theory
Nuclear quantum effects are essential for correctly describing hydrogen-rich materials at high pressures. Superconducting hydrides and ice are prime examples of such systems, requiring the inclusion o...
Light-controlled disruption of cancer cell dormancy via photoswitchable stress hormone receptor degraders
Cancer cell dormancy is a key contributor to therapy resistance and disease relapse. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a major mediator of stress hormone signaling, has emerged as a central regulator...
The simplicity of the Hodge bundle
This paper establishes the simplicity of the Hodge bundle, a theorem in the branch of modern mathematics known as algebraic geometry. Notably, the essential mathematical content was autonomously gener...
Unsupervised and probabilistic learning with Contrastive Local Learning Networks: The Restricted Kirchhoff Machine
Autonomous physical learning systems modify their internal parameters and solve computational tasks without relying on external computation. Compared to traditional computers, they enjoy distributed a...
The effector NlOBP1b from the brown planthopper suppresses rice immunity by manipulating the OsCK2 complex
Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) are crucial mediators in the peripheral olfactory perception of insects, functioning as a link between the external environment and odor receptors. Recent research has...
Evolution of genome-wide barriers to gene flow during complex speciation in rattlesnakes
Speciation with gene flow poses a central paradox: how do genome-wide barriers to gene exchange accumulate as recombination continually breaks down associations among selected loci? Although theory pr...
Illuminating proinflammatory myeloid cells with PET tracers targeting GPR84
Innate immunity mediated by myeloid cells defends against infection and injury, but when chronically activated, it drives tissue damage and neurodegeneration. Molecular imaging with positron emission...
Cultural evolution of beauty standards
Beauty standards shape self-perception and health through social comparison and objectification, while exposure to idealized imagery exacerbates body-image concerns. Media and fashion are central arbi...
From free speech advocates to critics: The Trump administration’s new rhetoric promotes support for censorship among Trump voters
Most Americans claim to support freedom of speech, including President Donald Trump who has portrayed himself as an ardent defender of this constitutional right. However, in the wake of Charlie Kirk’s...
Observation of chiral bound states in the continuum in self-biased magneto-optical photonic crystals
Chiral bound states in the continuum (BICs) are confined photonic modes with infinite quality factors and chiral response, offering significant potential for chiral optics. Although a novel type of sp...
Amplification-free dual-blocking autocatalytic CRISPR-Cascade for attomolar DNA detection with low nonspecific signal
Autocatalytic CRISPR architecture offers amplification-free nucleic acid detection by directly linking target recognition to self-reinforcing ribonucleoprotein (RNP) generation. However, spontaneous b...
Early adjunct anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy improves outcomes and restores infection-induced immune paralysis in mice with invasive pulmonary mucormycosis
Invasive pulmonary mucormycosis (IPM) is a severe opportunistic mold infection whose outcome is predominantly host driven. Preclinical proof-of-concept studies and clinical case reports in salvage the...
Bleb expansion requires transient membrane invaginations that sequester curvature-preferring proteins
Bleb-based cell migration involves rapid plasma membrane expansion driven by intracellular pressure. How the membrane reorganizes its curvature and protein composition during this process remains uncl...
Dynamic bidirectional coupling of membrane morphology and rod organization in flexible vesicles
The ordering of rod-like particles in soft, deformable containers emerges from the interplay of anisotropic interactions, geometric confinement, and boundary compliance. This competition couples inter...
ProteomeLM: A proteome-scale language model enables accurate and rapid prediction of protein–protein interactions and gene essentiality across taxa
Language models trained on biological sequences are advancing inference tasks from the scale of single proteins to that of genomic neighborhoods. Here, we introduce ProteomeLM, a transformer-based lan...