Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Articles in this Issue
Unexpected heterogeneity and tissue-specific properties of the thymic hematopoietic antigen–presenting cell network
Thymic hematopoietic antigen–presenting cells (hAPCs) play critical roles in regulating T cell development, but the identity, diversity, and transcriptional regulation of these cells are poorly unders...
BTK autoinhibition analyzed by high-throughput swaps of SH2 domains
Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase (BTK), a Tec-family tyrosine kinase, resembles the Src and Abl kinases in that an SH2-SH3 module regulates the activity of the kinase domain, principally through an inhibitory...
Activity-dependent citrate dynamics in neurons
Glycolytic enzymes sense metabolite levels to adapt rapidly to changing energy demands, but measuring the levels of these effectors with spatiotemporal precision in live cells has been challenging. We...
Inter- and intrahemispheric sources of vestibular signals to V1
Head movements are sensed by the vestibular organs. Unlike classical senses, signals from vestibular organs are not selectively conveyed to a dedicated cortical area but are broadcast throughout the c...
GeoEvoBuilder: A deep learning framework for efficient functional and thermostable protein design
While deep learning has advanced protein sequence and function design, engineering highly active and stable proteins still requires labor-intensive iterative computational design and experimentation....
Natural history of liver fluke infection underpins epidemiological patterns of biliary cancer
Pathogens are major drivers of cancer globally and the processes of infection and carcinogenesis unfold over decades making them difficult to observe in human or natural populations. We investigate th...
A midbrain-to-ventral-striatum dopaminergic pathway orchestrates odor-guided insect predation in mice
Foraging and food consumption are fundamental for the survival of animals. In natural environments, wild rodents feed on insects, including moth larvae, and odor-guided evaluation of potential food re...
Metabolic controls on the carbon isotope fractionations of bacterial fermentation
Microbial fermentation facilitates the initial breakdown of organic matter into small molecules and is thought to be the rate-limiting step of anoxic organic mineralization. However, fermentation is u...
Apparent learning biases emerge from optimal inference: Insights from master equation analysis
Recent studies [S. Palminteri, G. Lefebvre, E. J. Kilford, S. J. Blakemore, PLoS Comput. Biol. 13 , e1005684 (2017); G. Lefebvre, M. Lebreto...
Chimeric RNA isoforms generated by diverse mechanisms from two C-type lectins modulate innate immunity in arthropods
Chimeric RNA formation represents a critical mechanism for expanding protein functional diversity, yet its role in invertebrate immune adaptation remains poorly characterized. Here, we report that two...
Soil microbial life history strategies covary with ecosystem multifunctionality across aridity gradients
Aridity thresholds shape ecosystem functions worldwide. Despite the importance of soil microbiomes in engineering ecosystem processes, the specific strategies employed by soil microbiomes to support e...
Freezing enhances CO <sub>2</sub> mineralization in Ca <sup>2+</sup> -containing solutions
Natural carbon sinks and the factors influencing them are critical to the global carbon budget. Here, we identify the freezing process as an important factor. It greatly contributes to natural carbon...
Microtubule remodeling by the innate immune factor Trim69 compromises dynein-dependent migration of HIV virion cores toward the nucleus
Like many viruses, HIV relies on the microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton for successful infection. MT-associated proteins (MAPs) regulate MT functions and thus bear the potential to modulate viral infection...
Platelets engage mast cells in a bilateral IL-33-driven feed-forward loop
Platelets amplify type 2 inflammation (T2I) through incompletely understood mechanisms. Depletion of platelets markedly attenuated mast cell (MC) activation in a model of aspirin exacerbated respirato...
Disorder-driven non-Anderson transition in a Weyl semimetal
For several decades, it was widely believed that a noninteracting disordered electronic system could only undergo an Anderson metal–insulator transition due to Anderson localization. However, numerous...
Short-term experimental flooding impacts soil biogeochemistry but not aboveground vegetation in a coastal forest
Rising sea levels and intensifying storms increase flooding pressure on coastal forests, triggering tree mortality, ecosystem transitions, and changes to the coastal carbon cycle. However, the mechani...
Electing amateur politicians reduces cross-party collaboration
Public trust in democratic institutions has dropped to historic lows, prompting electorates in major democracies to turn to “amateur” politicians with the expectation that these political outsiders wi...
Augmenting rice <i>ANNEXIN</i> expression to counter planthopper <i>Nl</i> Annexin-like5 as an antivirulence strategy against a major crop pest
The brown planthopper (BPH) is the most devastating insect pest in rice, posing a serious threat to global rice production. One attractive control strategy would be based on the understanding of the v...
Turning the FeFe hydrogenase from <i>Clostridium beijerinckii</i> into an efficient H <sub>2</sub> oxidation catalyst using a redox-active matrix
Hydrogenases are Nature’s sustainable and efficient catalysts for the conversion between H + and H 2 . The obstacles tha...
A molecular probe for detecting cholinesterase activity in MRI
Cholinesterase (ChE) enzymes terminate action of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine at synapses and neuromuscular junctions throughout the body. Noninvasive strategies for monitoring these enzymes cou...
Guanine storage vacuoles sequester guanine crystals and serve as nitrogen reserves in <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i>
Nitrogen cycles in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii have historically been studied in the context of exogenous ammonium/nitrate availability and uptake. Recently, crys...
Heterochronic shifts in a timing-keeping microRNA are associated with multiple instances of neoteny in plants
The prolonged production of juvenile traits and an associated reduction or loss of adult traits during development (neoteny) can either arise from a change in genes that mediate the timing of the shif...
Statistical errors undermine claims about the evolution of polysynthetic languages
Endosome transcriptomics reveal trafficking of Cajal bodies into multivesicular bodies
All eukaryotic cells secrete exosomes, a type of extracellular vesicles derived from the endocytic compartments known as multivesicular bodies (MVBs), or late endosomes (LEs). Exosomes contain a diver...
Structure of a transient protein-folding intermediate by pressure-jump NMR spectroscopy
Protein folding, as commonly portrayed, involves exploration of a rough, high-dimensional landscape, ending with a final descent into a low-energy folded state. During that journey, the protein may vi...