Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Articles in this Issue
Endonuclease G promotes hepatic mitochondrial respiration by selectively increasing mitochondrial tRNA <sup>Thr</sup> production
Mitochondrial endonuclease G (EndoG) contributes to chromosomal degradation when it is released from mitochondria during apoptosis. It is presumed to also have a mitochondrial function because EndoG d...
Individual differences elucidate the perceptual benefits associated with robust temporal fine-structure processing
The auditory system is unique among sensory systems in its ability to phase lock to and precisely follow very fast cycle-by-cycle fluctuations in the phase of sound-driven cochlear vibrations. Yet, th...
Image segmentation with traveling waves in an exactly solvable recurrent neural network
We study image segmentation using spatiotemporal dynamics in a recurrent neural network where the state of each unit is given by a complex number. We show that this network generates sophisticated spa...
Deriving a genetic regulatory network from an optimization principle
Many biological systems operate near the physical limits to their performance, suggesting that aspects of their behavior and underlying mechanisms could be derived from optimization principles. Howeve...
The proteome is a terminal electron acceptor
Microbial metabolism is impressively flexible, enabling growth even when available nutrients differ greatly from biomass in redox state. Escherichia coli , for...
A mutant ASXL1-BAP1-EHMT complex contributes to heterochromatin dysfunction in clonal hematopoiesis and chronic monomyelocytic leukemia
ASXL transcriptional regulator 1 (ASXL1) is one of the three most frequently mutated genes in age-related clonal hematopoiesis (CH), alongside DNA methyltransfe...
TRAMP assembly alters the conformation and RNA binding of Mtr4 and Trf4-Air2
The TRAMP complex contains two enzymatic activities essential for RNA processing upstream of the nuclear exosome. Within TRAMP, RNA is 3′ polyadenylated by a subcomplex of Trf4/5 and Air1/2 and unwoun...
An exchangeable SIM probe for monitoring organellar dynamics of necrosis cells and intracellular water heterogeneity in kidney repair
Monitoring subcellular organelle dynamics in real time and precisely assessing membrane heterogeneity in living cells are very important for studying fundamental biological mechanisms and gaining a co...
Diverse plant RNAs coat <i>Arabidopsis</i> leaves and are distinct from apoplastic RNAs
Transgenic expression of a double-stranded RNA in plants can induce silencing of homologous mRNAs in fungal pathogens. Although such host-induced gene silencing is well documented, the molecular mecha...
MYO7A is required for the functional integrity of the mechanoelectrical transduction complex in hair cells of the adult cochlea
Myosin-VIIA (MYO7A) is an unconventional myosin responsible for syndromic (Usher 1B) or nonsyndromic forms of deafness in humans when mutated. In the cochlea, MYO7A is expressed in hair cells, where i...
Restart uncertainty relation for monitored quantum dynamics
We introduce a time-energy uncertainty relation within the context of restarts in monitored quantum dynamics. Previous studies have established that the mean recurrence time, which represents the time...
Time evolution of a pumped molecular magnet—A time-resolved inelastic neutron scattering study
Introducing an experimental technique of time-resolved inelastic neutron scattering (TRINS), we explore the time-dependent effects of resonant pulsed microwaves on the molecular magnet Cr...
A phase transition in diffusion models reveals the hierarchical nature of data
Understanding the structure of real data is paramount in advancing modern deep-learning methodologies. Natural data such as images are believed to be composed of features organized in a hierarchical a...
PhiSiCal-Checkup: A Bayesian framework to validate amino acid conformations within experimental protein structures
As structural biology and drug discovery depend on high-quality protein structures, assessment tools are essential. We describe a new method for validating amino-acid conformations: “PhiSiCal (...
Affinity maturation endows potent activity onto class 6 SARS-CoV-2 broadly neutralizing antibodies
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) has greatly diminished the neutralizing activity of previously FDA-approved monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), including that of antibody cocktails an...
Aberrant neuronal hyperactivation causes an age-dependent behavioral decline in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>
Age-dependent sensory impairment, memory loss, and cognitive decline are generally attributed to neuron loss, synaptic dysfunction, and decreased neuronal activities over time. Concurrently, increased...
Molecular basis of hemoglobin binding and heme removal in <i>Corynebacterium diphtheriae</i>
To successfully mount infections, nearly all bacterial pathogens must acquire iron, a key metal cofactor that primarily resides within human hemoglobin. Corynebacterium diphtheriae...
Tsg101 mimicry of canonical E2 enzymes underlies its role in ubiquitin signaling
Tsg101 is a highly conserved protein best known as an early-functioning component of cellular ESCRT machinery participating in recognition, sorting, and trafficking of cellular cargo to various intrac...
Trojan horse peptide conjugates remodel the activity spectrum of clinical antibiotics
Infections caused by gram-negative pathogens continue to be a major risk to human health because of the innate antibiotic resistance endowed by their unique cell membrane architecture. Nature has deve...
Dynamic binding of the bacterial chaperone Trigger factor to translating ribosomes in <i>Escherichia coli</i>
The bacterial chaperone Trigger factor (TF) binds to ribosome-nascent chain complexes (RNCs) and cotranslationally aids the folding of proteins in bacteria. Decades of studies have given a broad, but...
Multitude of glasses of water
Deciphering the role of the MALT1–RC3H1 axis in regulating GPX4 protein stability
Ferroptosis, a unique form of iron-dependent cell death triggered by lipid peroxidation accumulation, holds great promise for cancer therapy. Despite the crucial role of GPX4 in regulating ferroptosis...
CryoSeek II: Cryo-EM analysis of glycofibrils from freshwater reveals well-structured glycans coating linear tetrapeptide repeats
Despite the recent breakthrough in structure determination and prediction of proteins, the structural investigation of carbohydrates remains a challenge. Here, we report the cryo-EM analysis of a glyc...
Stochastic morphological swings in <i>Hydra</i> regeneration: A manifestation of noisy canalized morphogenesis
Animal morphogenesis, the development of an organism’s body form, is commonly perceived as a directed and almost deterministic process. However, noise and stochastic fluctuations are ubiquitous in bio...
Moiré magnetism and moiré excitons in twisted CrSBr bilayers
Moiré excitons and moiré magnetism are essential to semiconducting van der Waals magnets. In this work, we perform a comprehensive first-principles study to elucidate the interplay of electronic excit...