Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Topological signatures of collective dynamics and turbulent-like energy cascades in apolar active granular matter

Active matter refers to a broad class of nonequilibrium systems where energy is continuously injected at the level of individual “particles.” These systems exhibit emergent collective behaviors that h...

Theoretical limits for sensing through phase separation

Biomolecular condensates form on timescales of seconds in cells upon environmental or compositional changes. Condensate formation is thus argued to act as a mechanism for sensing such changes and quic...

HSCs/MPPs as cells of origin with altered differentiation hierarchy impairing immunomicroenvironment in <i>PML::RARA</i> and <i>CBFα/β</i> fusion AML

The theoretical possibility for leukemia stem cells (LSCs) to produce both leukemia blasts and dysfunctional immune cells remains underexplored. Here, we investigate three major fusion transcription f...

Carbon–phosphorus exchange rate constrains density–speed trade-off in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal growth

Symbiotic nutrient exchange between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and their host plants varies widely depending on their physical, chemical, and biological environment. Yet dissecting this context...

Neurotensin in the extended amygdala maintains wakefulness in novel environments

Animals remain awake in unfamiliar environments to assess potential safety threats, a process involving changes in neuronal activity within sleep–wake regulatory brain regions. However, the specific c...

Molecular assemblies and pharmacology of cerebellar GABA _A receptors

GABA A receptors (GABA A Rs) mediate fast inhibitory neurotransmission in the brain and are assembled from 19 subunit is...

Ultrasonic vocal communication of negative affective states in laboratory mice

Anxiety disorders are the most common mental disorders, resulting in substantial social and economic costs stemming from reduced productivity. Pharmacotherapy is the most widely used treatment for the...

EPOP and MTF2 activate PRC2 activity through DNA-sequence specificity

Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) facilitates the formation of facultative heterochromatin, instrumental to tissue specific gene expression. PRC2 catalyzes trimethylation of lysine 27 of histone H3...

Variable thresholds for phosphorylation targets of the ERK signaling pathway

Cell fates regulated by ERK respond to different thresholds of signaling strength. In mammalian cells, conditions that activate ERK to submaximal levels are sufficient to sustain proliferation, surviv...

Probabilistic mapping and automated segmentation of human brainstem white matter bundles

Brainstem white matter (WM) bundles are essential conduits for neural signals that modulate homeostasis and consciousness. Their architecture forms the anatomic basis for brainstem connectomics, subco...

Hydration gradients drive lipid self-segregation

Evaporation from a multicomponent aqueous mixture not only establishes a hydration gradient but may also lead to composition gradients in the other components. Here, we show that such a gradient induc...

Hierarchical friction memory leads to subdiffusive configurational dynamics of fast-folding proteins

Proteins often exhibit subdiffusive configurational dynamics, the origins of which are still unresolved. We investigate the impact of non-Markovian friction and the free-energy landscape on the dynami...

How earthquakes organize stress

Stress is not uniform in the Earth. Therefore, we must use natural experiments to measure the distribution of stresses and related quantities, rather than single values. For instance, dynamic triggeri...

Integration of fear learning and fear expression across the dorsoventral axis of the hippocampus

Classically, the dorsal and ventral hippocampus are thought to play distinct roles in fear conditioning, with the dorsal hippocampus primarily handling information about environmental cues and context...

Bridging unpaired single-cell multimodal data for integrative analyses with SuperMap

Current single-cell profiling technologies enable the capture of multiple cellular modalities, providing valuable insights into complex biological systems. While a substantial amount of single-cell mu...

Order parameters and phase transitions of continual learning in deep neural networks

Continual learning (CL) enables animals to learn new tasks without erasing prior knowledge. CL in artificial neural networks (NNs) is challenging due to catastrophic forgetting, where new learning deg...

Functional and antigenic constraints on the Nipah virus fusion protein

Nipah virus is a highly pathogenic virus in the family Paramyxoviridae that utilizes two distinct surface glycoproteins to infect cells. The receptor-binding pr...

Correction for Singer, Confronting the inevitable: Harnessing technology to contain systemic scientific fraud

A daily cycle of White Collar Complex dephosphorylation sustains circadian rhythmicity in <i>Neurospora</i>

The transcription factor complex White Collar Complex (WCC) functions both as a photoreceptor and as the circadian positive element. In response to light, WCC acutely activates ~5% of all genes, where...

A systematic map of methods for assessing societal benefits of Earth science information

Remotely sensed Earth science information (ESI) has become increasingly central to addressing global challenges, yet its societal value, i.e., the difference ESI makes in real-world decisions and outc...

Structural analysis of rhodopsin states in megabody complexes

Rhodopsin, the most intensively studied G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR), is activated by light-induced isomerization of its chromophore 11- cis -retinal. This...

Universal relation between spectral and wavefunction properties at criticality

Quantum-chaotic systems exhibit several universal properties, ranging from level repulsion in the energy spectrum to wavefunction delocalization. On the other hand, if wavefunctions are localized, the...

Identifying genome-by-childhood trauma interactions for depression using a forest-based approach in the UK Biobank and Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study

Depression is shaped by both genetic and environmental factors, but genome-wide interaction studies (GWIS) often lack power to detect complex gene–environment (G × E) interactions. We applied a forest...

Correction Paschou et al., Dysregulated proteostasis in p.A53T-α-Synuclein astrocytes aggravates Lewy-like neuropathology in a Parkinson’s disease iPSC model

Dominant inverse nonlinear energy cascades in coastal and inner shelf waters

As well known, almost 80% of the total oceanic kinetic energy is contained within the mesoscale eddies, but the cross-scale energy transfers linking eddy generation and dissipation remain an open ques...