Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Articles in this Issue
Bacterial sensor evolved by decreasing complexity
Bacterial receptors feed into multiple signal transduction pathways that regulate a variety of cellular processes including gene expression, second messenger levels, and motility. Receptors are typica...
Hsp90, DnaK, and ClpB collaborate in protein reactivation
Hsp70, Hsp90, and ClpB/Hsp100 are molecular chaperones that help regulate proteostasis. Bacterial and yeast Hsp70s and their cochaperones function synergistically with Hsp90s to reactivate inactive an...
How towns can adapt to fire as bigger burns loom
Strong precursor softening in cubic CaSiO <sub>3</sub> perovskite
CaSiO 3...
The chloroplast RNA–binding protein CP29A supports <i>rbcL</i> expression during cold acclimation
The chloroplast genome encodes key components of the photosynthetic light reaction machinery as well as the large subunit of the enzyme central for carbon fixation, Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphat-carboxylas...
<i>Toxoplasma</i> chitinase-like protein orchestrates cyst wall glycosylation to facilitate effector export and cyst turnover
Toxoplasma bradyzoites reside in tissue cysts that undergo cycles of expansion, rupture, and release to foster chronic infection. The glycosylated cyst wall acts as a protective ba...
Maria Iandolo New (1928–2024): Pioneering pediatric endocrinologist
Correction for Cao et al., Circadian clock cryptochrome proteins regulate autoimmunity
Embryology cannot establish the “Protura-sister”
Cyanobacteria and Chloroflexota cooperate to structure light-responsive biofilms
Microbial mats are stratified communities often dominated by unicellular and filamentous phototrophs within an exopolymer matrix. It is challenging to quantify the dynamic responses of community membe...
Reply to Machida et al.: Although embryology cannot establish the “Protura-sister”, phylogenomics can
Serine phosphorylation facilitates protein degradation by the human mitochondrial ClpXP protease
ClpXP is a two-component mitochondrial matrix protease. The caseinolytic mitochondrial matrix peptidase chaperone subunit X (ClpX) recognizes and translocates protein substrates into the degradation c...
Subunit-specific conductance of single homomeric and heteromeric HCN pacemaker channels at femtosiemens resolution
In mammals, the four subunit isoforms HCN1–4 assemble to form functional homotetrameric and heterotetrameric hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-modulated (HCN) ion channels. Despite the out...
Enzymes in a human cytoplasm model organize into submetabolon complexes
Enzyme–enzyme interactions are fundamental to the function of cells. Their atomistic mechanisms remain elusive mainly due to limitations of in-cell measurements. We address this challenge by atomistic...
Neomorphic leukemia-derived mutations in the TET2 enzyme induce genome instability via a substrate shift from 5-methylcytosine to thymine
Ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes oxidize 5-methylcytosine (mC) in DNA, contributing to the regulation of gene transcription. Diverse mutations of TET2 are frequently found in various blood cance...
Endogenous LRRK2 and PINK1 function in a convergent neuroprotective ciliogenesis pathway in the brain
Mutations in Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) and PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) are associated with familial Parkinson’s disease (PD). LRRK2 phosphorylates Rab guanosine triphosphatase (GTPases) w...
Growth decline in European beech associated with temperature-driven increase in reproductive allocation
Climate change is impacting forests in complex ways, with indirect effects arising from interactions between tree growth and reproduction often overlooked. Our 43-y study of European beech (...
Retinoic acid antagonizes estrogen signaling to maintain adult uterine cell fate
Classical tissue recombination experiments demonstrate that cell-fate determination along the anterior–posterior axis of the Müllerian duct occurs prior to postnatal day 7 in mice. However, little is...
The actin filament pointed-end depolymerase Srv2/CAP depolymerizes barbed ends, displaces capping protein, and promotes formin processivity
Cellular actin networks exhibit distinct assembly and disassembly dynamics, primarily driven by multicomponent reactions occurring at the two ends of actin filaments. While barbed ends are recognized...
Organismal complexity strongly correlates with the number of protein families and domains
In the pregenomic era, scientists were puzzled by the observation that haploid genome size (the C-value) did not correlate well with organismal complexity. This phenomenon, called the “C-value paradox...
Triethylamine-mediated protonation–deprotonation unlocks dual-drug self assembly to suppress breast cancer progression and metastasis
Carrier-free nanomedicines exhibited significant potential in elevating drug efficacy and safety for tumor management, yet their self assembly typically relied on chemical modifications of drugs or th...
Structural insights into the role of reduced cysteine residues in SOD1 amyloid filament formation
The formation of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) filaments has been implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Although the disulfide bond formed between Cys57 and Cys146 in the active state has...
Suppressing APOE4-induced neural pathologies by targeting the VHL–HIF axis
The ε4 variant of human apolipoprotein E ( APOE4 ) is a key genetic risk factor for neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease and elevated all-cause mortality in...
A planar-sheet nongraphitic zero-bandgap sp <sup>2</sup> carbon phase made by the low-temperature reaction of γ-graphyne
The highest sheet symmetry form of graphyne, with one triple bond between each neighboring hexagon in graphene, irreversibly transforms exothermically at ambient pressure and low temperatures into a n...
AMH protects the ovary from doxorubicin by regulating cell fate and the response to DNA damage
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) protects the ovarian reserve from chemotherapy, and this effect is most pronounced with Doxorubicin (DOX). However, DOX toxicity and AMH rescue mechanisms in the ovary hav...