Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Reply to Lü: Aerophilic interfaces across scales

GPIHBP1 on oligodendrocytes binds lipoprotein lipase within the human brain

In peripheral tissues, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is secreted by parenchymal cells (adipocytes, myocytes) into the interstitial spaces, where it is captured by GPIHBP1 (a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-an...

Damselflies overcome color saturation barriers of photonic glasses via pigment loading and refractive index modulation

Biological strategies for manipulating light have revealed new concepts in light scattering, inspiring the design of sustainable photonic materials. While iridescent optical systems have been extensiv...

Animals have expanded the evolutionary legacy of unicellular ancestors in blood cells

Blood cells are common and unique to animals, enabling them to address critical challenges of defense and transport. Thus, their evolution represents a defining innovation in metazoan multicellular li...

Chemical modulation of chloroplast de- and redifferentiation reveals a role for the SAL1–PAP retrograde pathway in facilitating plastid transitions

Plastids are dynamic organelles that remodel their composition, ultrastructure, and function according to developmental and environmental demands. The synthetic molecule X57 induces the conversion of...

Elevated threat status of large-fruited plants is associated with the extinction of large frugivores in the Caribbean islands

Anthropogenic activities severely impair biodiversity and ecosystem functionality. A prime example is the loss of frugivores and their corresponding seed dispersal services due to defaunation (the dec...

Cryo-EM structures of Měnglà virus GP reveal combined Ebola- and Marburg-like epitope masking strategies for antibody evasion

Ebola virus (EBOV) and Marburg virus (MARV) are highly lethal filoviruses that cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans. A recently identified bat-borne filovirus, Měnglà virus (MLAV), uses the same N...

APOBEC2 deficiency disrupts hematopoietic lineage commitment, resulting in emergence of dual identity lymphocytes in mice and humans

APOBEC2 is a well-conserved member of the AID/APOBEC family of cytidine deaminases. Most members of the family catalyze the conversion of cytosine to uracil either in DNA or RNA, thereby acting as DNA...

Mapping <i>CO</i> ₂ fixation to two effective parameters: A framework toward data-informed species and model comparison

To improve crop yield and resilience, it is essential to identify the steps limiting C...

Dynamic diversification of lignan metabolism in sesame via coordinated oxygenation and glucosylation across germination

Sesame ( Sesamum indicum ) seeds accumulate specialized lignans, including (+)-sesamin, (+)-sesamolin, and (+)-sesaminol triglucoside (SL-TG). Although lignan b...

Covalent inhibitors of human papillomavirus type 16 E6 protein restore p53 function and suppress growth of HPV-driven tumors in vivo

High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) promote malignant progression through sustained expression of the viral oncoprotein E6, which drives degradation of the tumor suppressor p53 and creates an onco...

With qualitative research, the risks of data sharing can outweigh the rewards

Kernel embeddings and the separation of measure phenomenon

We prove that kernel covariance embeddings lead to information-theoretically perfect separation of distinct continuous probability distributions. In statistical terms, we establish that testing for th...

Discovery of dynamical heterogeneity in a supercooled magnetic monopole fluid

Dynamical heterogeneity, in which transitory local fluctuations occur in the conformation and dynamics of constituent particles, is widely hypothesized to be essential to the evolution of supercooled...

Advancing AI negotiations: A large-scale autonomous negotiation competition

We conducted an international AI negotiation competition in which participants designed and refined prompts for AI negotiation agents. We then facilitated over 180,000 negotiations between these agent...

Structure of domain walls in chiral spin liquids

The chiral spin liquid is a canonical state of quantum spins combining topological and symmetry-breaking order, and possible experimental realizations have attracted growing interest. We examine the p...

Nondisclosure agreements and externalities from silence

How do contractual restrictions on worker voice affect information flows about employers? We develop a framework in which the legal risk from violating a nondisclosure agreement (NDA) reduces the will...

Virus-induced transgene- and tissue culture-free heritable genome editing in tomato

Genome editing has emerged as a powerful tool for genome manipulation and trait improvement in crops. However, most commonly used approaches rely on tissue culture and transgenic materials, which are...

How nature discovers rare Turing islands: Exploration by common limit cycles

Turing patterns are a cornerstone of biological self-organization, yet their emergence typically requires finely tuned parameters occupying narrow regions of high-dimensional space. This poses a funda...

In vivo binding by <i>Arabidopsis</i> SPLICING FACTOR 1 shifts 3′ splice-site choice, regulating circadian rhythms and immunity in plants

Alternative splicing expands proteome diversity and enables phenotypic plasticity across eukaryotes. In plants, mutations in spliceosomal components impair development and stress responses, but the mo...

Direct evidence and quantification of homologous recognition between DNA duplexes

Stretches of double-stranded DNA sharing the same sequence can recognize each other in cells. This phenomenon, known as homologous recognition, is essential for DNA recombination and repair. Yet, its...

Assessing probe reliability: Functional group–specific biases revealed by interactome-wide docking of general anesthetics

General anesthetics are widely used to induce reversible unconsciousness, yet their molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Despite their low binding affinities and broad protein-binding...

Cytoplasmic region of beta-dystroglycan is essential for postsynaptic maturation and neuromuscular function in mice

The dystrophin–glycoprotein complex (DGC) provides structural integrity to the sarcolemma, and disruption of the DGC leads to muscular dystrophy. A core member of the DGC is dystroglycan (DG), which b...

Partial reconstitution of the prophenoloxidase activation system in <i>Anopheles gambiae</i>

Melanization is a central insect immune response to wounding and microbial invasion. It is mediated by a system of serine proteases and their homologs, mostly members of the CLIP subfamily, and leads...

Mutational analyses of an instability domain reveal its conserved role in the regulation of class-B ARF levels in <i>Arabidopsis</i>

The plant hormone auxin is a central regulator of plant growth and development. The canonical nuclear auxin signaling pathway acts through the regulation of gene transcription, and the protein levels...