Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Articles in this Issue
Extensive heterozygosity and genetic exchange among natural populations of <i>Leishmania</i> species
Genetic hybridization within the genus Leishmania has been demonstrated experimentally, but the extent to which this occurs naturally among circulating populati...
Type I interferons induced upon respiratory viral infection impair lung metastatic initiation
Metastatic breast cancer accounts for 7% of cancer-related deaths, with the lungs being a common site of cancer spread. In parallel, lower respiratory tract infections, including those caused by respi...
Making invisible excited-state structures of pro-interleukin-18 visible by combining NMR and machine learning
NMR spectroscopy is a powerful tool for studies of protein dynamics over timescales extending more than twelve orders of magnitude, with motion queried at many of the backbone and sidechain positions...
Sparse identification of nonlinear dynamics and Koopman operators with Shallow Recurrent Decoder Networks
Modeling real-world spatiotemporal data is exceptionally difficult due to inherent high dimensionality, measurement noise, partial observations, and often expensive data collection procedures. In this...
The institutional dynamics of inequality for women inventors who break with conventional thinking
Though women comprise a growing share of the scientific workforce, the gender innovation gap in patenting between men and women inventors persists, potentially limiting innovation output and equity. W...
Molten iron at extreme conditions reveals compositional inhomogeneity in Earth’s lower outer core
The thermodynamic properties of molten iron under Earth’s outer core conditions are fundamental to understanding the core’s structure, composition, and dynamics. However, experimental constraints unde...
Temperature controls the episodic dynamics of deep slow slip
The deformation regime that accommodates tectonic motion at plate boundaries changes as pressures and temperatures increase with depth, transitioning from the shallow frictional sliding of seismic rup...
Plant pathogenic nematode exosomes remodel vector tracheae to enhance pathogen transmission
Pathogens frequently employ vector-manipulation strategies to enhance their transmission efficiency. Exosomes are increasingly recognized as mediators of interspecific communication between pathogens...
The role of interfacial excess charge in the reversibility of proton and hydroxide solvation in electrocatalysis and bipolar membranes
The desolvation and recombination of protons and hydroxides in the bulk is one of the fastest reactions known to mankind. The very existence of an increased activation barrier at heterogenous interfac...
The identification of potent nonopioid analgesics and their potential for perioperative use
Development of potent nonopioid analgesics (NOAs) has attracted great attentions from both academic and industrial worlds, aiming at replacing current opioid drugs in acute and chronic pain management...
Eye of the beholder: Pupillary response reflects how subjective prior beliefs shape reinforcement learning with fake news
Information selection plays a crucial role in how individuals navigate online content. While confirmation bias has been implicated in this phenomenon, its interaction with reinforcement learning dynam...
Vagal nerve TRPV3 regulates sedative-mediated appeasement
Aromatic essential oils (EOs) exhibit anxiolytic properties, yet their neural and molecular mechanisms remain to be understood. Here, we found that citronellal, an EO derived from lemongrass, alleviat...
Mecp2 deficiency induces dysphagia in a preclinical model of Rett syndrome
Rett syndrome is an x-linked genetic neurological disorder primarily caused by mutations in the methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2) gene. This progressive neurodevelopmental condition hinders patient...
When sexual selection through mate choice depletes versus exaggerates genetic variation: Unraveling the lek paradox
The evolution of female preferences for male display traits relies on females receiving indirect benefits from their mate. This requires substantial genetic variation in display traits or male quality...
Initiation of swarming in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> as a resolution for the sorites paradox in bacteria
As a single cell grows and multiplies, at what stage does it constitute a swarm? Here, we provide an answer for Bacillus subtilis . We place single planktonic c...
PPP1R3G–RIPK1–ZBP1 axis activates early-stage apoptosis and late-stage necroptosis to promote doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity
Cardiotoxicity is a dose-limiting complication of doxorubicin (DOX) chemotherapy, yet the molecular mechanisms governing the transition from acute stress to terminal heart failure remain incompletely...
In situ and real-time monitoring of intracellular activities in single live cells using a nanopore probe
Monitoring molecular activities within single live cells is vital for understanding cellular differentiation, senescence, heterogeneity, and disease progression. However, conventional single-cell anal...
Self-adjuvanting α-helical polypeptide simultaneously delivers neoantigen mRNAs and activates dendritic cells to eradicate tumors
mRNA-based vaccines have demonstrated tremendous success during the era of COVID-19, but its therapeutic potential for treating cancer, especially poorly immunogenic solid tumors, remains largely unde...
Structure making and breaking in electrolyte solutions explained by water energetics
The long-standing classification of ions as water “structure-makers” or “structure-breakers” is fundamentally reevaluated through advanced Molecular Dynamics simulations employing the accurate Madrid-...
Small subunit isoform diversity underlies structural heterogeneity in native plant Rubisco
Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), the most abundant protein on Earth, catalyzes the fixation of CO 2 in photosynthesis. In terrestrial...
Rhesus macaques with an <i>OPA1</i> mutation demonstrate features of autosomal dominant optic atrophy
Autosomal dominant optic atrophy (ADOA) is an inherited optic neuropathy primarily caused by mutations in OPA1 . We identified and defined a spontaneous nonhuma...
Sister chromatid separation determines the proliferative properties upon whole-genome duplication via homologous chromosome arrangement
Whole-genome duplication (WGD) of diploid cells triggers various cell fates, such as cell death, cell cycle arrest, and proliferation with chromosome instability, contributing to broad bioprocesses, i...
How to destroy “forever chemicals” for good
Correction for Herpe et al., When alternative becomes essential: The role of mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
A universal polymer signature in Hi-C resolves cohesin loop density and supports monomeric extrusion
The genome is folded by molecular motors, yet how many motors are required to generate a single chromatin loop has remained unknown. In vertebrates, cohesin extrudes loops along interphase chromosomes...