Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

The impact of US assimilation and allotment policy on American Indian mortality

In contrast to earlier US policies of open war, forcible removal, and relocation to address the “Indian Problem,” the Dawes Act of 1887 focused on assimilation and land severalty—making American India...

Strong strain dependence of friction in graphene kirigami allows engineering a negative coefficient of friction

The friction force typically increases linearly with normal load with a constant of proportionality called the coefficient of friction. Most materials exhibit a positive friction coefficient, so that...

The Eisenstein ideal at prime-square level has constant rank

Let N and p be prime numbers with...

Summer and nonsummer climatic signals in speleothem δ ¹⁸ O revealed by loess microcodium δ ¹⁸ O in East Asia

Speleothem δ 18 O records from central southern China have long been regarded as a key benchmark for Asian summer monsoon intensity. However, the similar δ...

Temperature-invariant crystal–glass heat conduction: From meteorites to refractories

The thermal conductivities of crystals and glasses vary strongly and with opposite trends upon heating, decreasing in crystals and increasing in glasses. Here, we show that the dominant conduction mec...

Multiorgan transcriptomics in mice identifies immunoglobulin heavy constant mu ( <i>Ighm</i> ) as a tissue-level aging biomarker

Identifying aging-associated biomarkers applicable for multiple tissues is challenging but crucial for assessing tissue aging. Here, we obtained and analyzed 456 transcriptomes on 17 organs from 30 C5...

Cilia dynamics create a dynamic barrier to penetration of the periciliary layer in human airway epithelia

The ciliated epithelium of the human respiratory tract is covered by the airway surface liquid, a protective fluid consisting of two layers: the periciliary layer (PCL), where motile cilia reside and...

Electrochemically controlled switching of dyes for enhanced superresolution optical fluctuation imaging (EC-SOFI)

In superresolution optical fluctuation imaging (SOFI), molecules spaced closer than the diffraction limit can be separated through spatial and temporal correlation analysis of the fluorescence intensi...

Arylsulfamates inhibit colonic Bacteroidota growth through a sulfatase-independent mechanism

Excessive degradation of the colonic mucin layer by Bacteroides within the human gut microbiota drives inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in mice. Bacterial carbo...

Noncanonical action of circadian clock genes controls winter diapause entry via the NuA4/TIP60 complex in <i>Harmonia axyridis</i>

To adapt to seasonal changes, many animals, particularly insects, enter a dormancy-like condition known as diapause, which is primarily accomplished by sensing photoperiodic signals. The circadian clo...

Orientation fields predict human perception of 3D shape from shading

How the brain recovers the three-dimensional structure of surfaces and objects from 2D retinal images remains mysterious. Shading patterns provide one of the most powerful—yet least understood—visual...

Competition for Hfq drives kinetic selection of mRNA targets by <i>Escherichia coli</i> small noncoding RNAs

Small noncoding RNAs (sRNAs) regulate gene expression in Escherichia coli bacteria in response to diverse stimuli in the environment and the host. Most sRNAs re...

Strength and weakness of disease-induced herd immunity in networks

When a fraction of a population becomes immune to an infectious disease, the population-wide infection risk decreases nonlinearly due to collective protection, known as herd immunity. Some studies bas...

Glycogen supports glycolytic plasticity in neurons

Glycogen is the largest energy reserve in the brain, but the specific role of glycogen in supporting neuronal energy metabolism in vivo is not well understood. We established a system in...

Diffusion of complex contagions is shaped by a trade-off between reach and reinforcement

How does social network structure amplify or stifle behavior diffusion? Existing theory suggests that when social reinforcement makes the adoption of behavior more likely, it should spread more—both f...

Inferring coexistence likelihood in changing environments from ecological time series

Inferring coexistence metrics, such as niche and fitness differences, in changing environments is key for understanding the mechanism behind species coexistence and predicting its likelihood. However,...

A noncanonical cGAS–STING pathway drives cellular and organismal aging

Accumulation of cytosolic DNA has emerged as a hallmark of aging, inducing sterile inflammation. Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) protein translates the sensing of cytosolic DNA by cyclic-GMP-AM...

Regulation of Na/Ca exchange by cytoplasmic protons modifies intracellular calcium dynamics and the cardiac response to ischemia

The cardiac sodium–calcium exchanger (NCX1) is a critical regulator of intracellular calcium (Ca) in cardiomyocytes. Although strongly regulated by pH, the role of NCX1 pH sensitivity in cardiac funct...

Active contacts control sliding friction

Sliding friction between two dry surfaces is commonly described by the speed-independent Amonton–Coulomb friction force law. However, there are many situations where multiple frictional contact points...

Correction for Zhu et al., Population size interacts with reproductive longevity to shape the germline mutation rate

A chemoreceptor conformational equilibrium controlled by signaling inputs

In chemotaxis, motile bacteria recognize external molecules and move toward favorable concentrations. Chemoreceptors form complexes that perform transmembrane signaling, control a histidine kinase, an...

Mycophenolic acid treatment drives the emergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants

Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is commonly used in immunosuppressive regimens following solid organ transplantation. We demonstrate that MPA treatment reproducibly inhibits the replication of a range of viru...

Stress-mediated growth determines <i>Escherichia coli</i> division site morphogenesis

In order to proliferate, bacteria must remodel their cell wall at the division site. The division process is driven by the enzymatic activity of peptidoglycan synthases and hydrolases around the const...

Thalamic CGRP neurons define a spinothalamic pathway for affective pain

Pain is both a sensory and emotional experience caused by various harmful stimuli. While numerous studies have explored peripheral and central pain mechanisms, the specific neural circuits linking the...

TaHSP18.6 and TaSRT1 interact to confer resistance to <i>Fusarium</i> crown rot by regulating the auxin content in common wheat

Fusarium crown rot (FCR) is one of the most serious soil-borne diseases in common wheat and has caused major wheat yield losses worldwide. Here, we identified an 18.6 kDa heat shoc...