Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Articles in this Issue
Elevated virus infection of honey bee queens reduces methyl oleate production and destabilizes colony-level social structure
Pathogenic threats to reproductive individuals pose a profound challenge to the stability of insect societies. In honey bees ( Apis mellifera L.), severe virus...
Dynamic control of NMDA receptor Ca <sup>2+</sup> permeability by endogenous and synthetic modulators
NMDA receptors are principal sources of postsynaptic Ca 2+ in central neurons. It is widely assumed that the content of Ca 2+...
Spontaneous activity of astrocytes is a stochastic functional signal for memory consolidation
In the absence of explicit neuronal inputs, the glial cell astrocytes exhibit recurring intracellular Ca 2+ fluctuations, primarily localized at thin processes,...
Unisexual reproduction in the global human fungal pathogen <i> <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> </i>
The human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus species complex (encompassing Cryp...
<i>WUSCHEL-D1</i> upregulation enhances grain number by inducing formation of multiovary-producing florets in wheat
Innovative genetic improvements in food crops are needed to maintain global food security. Here, we report the map-based cloning of TaWUSCHEL-D1 (...
Fundamental features of social environments determine rate of social affiliation
Humans start new friendships and social connections throughout their lives and such relationships foster mental and physical well-being. While friendship initiation may depend on alignment of subtle a...
Citrullination negatively regulates the functions of the p53 protein and opposes its ubiquitination and degradation
This study investigates the regulatory role of peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4)-mediated citrullination on the tumor suppressor protein p53. We demonstrate that p53 serves as a substrate for PAD4,...
Adaptable microplastic classification using similarity learning on µFTIR spectra collected from µFTIR focal plane array imaging
Deep learning on micro-Fourier transform infrared (µFTIR) spectra has the potential to provide a reliable, automated approach to classify and identify microplastics. However, deep learning models ofte...
Mot1 regulation of promoter binding by TBP varies with stress and gene expression levels independently of coactivator dependence
Mot1 in budding yeast regulates transcription by dissociating general initiation factor TBP (TATA-binding protein) from DNA. Previous studies suggested that Mot1 preferentially removes TBP from stress...
Electrostatics facilitate midair host attachment in parasitic jumping nematodes
Jumping can be hazardous for entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) as those that fail to attach to an insect host face death by predation or starvation. Recently, it has been shown that electrostatic char...
Mapping subnational gender gaps in internet and mobile adoption using social media data
The digital revolution has ushered in many societal and economic benefits. Yet access to digital technologies such as mobile phones and internet remains highly unequal, especially by gender in the con...
The FKF1–ELF3–PRC2 module regulates flowering time in response to light in temperate grasses
The precise timing of flowering is critical to ensure reproductive success in plants. This process is coordinated by both endogenous and environmental cues. Light is a pivotal environmental cue fundam...
High-resolution geostationary satellite observations of free tropospheric NO <sub>2</sub> over North America and implications for lightning emissions
Free tropospheric (FT) nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) plays a critical role in atmospheric oxidant chemistry as a source of tropospheric ozone and of the hydroxyl rad...
Protein disulfide isomerases regulate androgen receptor stability and promote prostate cancer cell growth and survival
Cancer cells exhibit accelerated protein production to accommodate their high rates of growth and proliferation. Elevated protein synthesis creates a dependency on endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident...
Prehistoric hunting megastructures in the Adriatic hinterland
Airborne laser scanning survey of the Karst Plateau in the Adriatic hinterland has revealed four monumental dry-stone structures, characterized by long, low stone alignments converging into concealed...
Small-molecule allosteric activator of ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7)
Ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7) is a deubiquitylase essential for cell homeostasis, DNA repair, and regulation of both tumor suppressors and oncogenes. Recently, haploinsufficiency of USP7 has be...
Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 and USP16 localize to the mitochondrion and influence its function
Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) represses gene expression by ubiquitinating histone H2A or physically compacting chromatin. USP16, one of the histone H2A deubiquitinases, antagonizes PRC1-mediate...
Functional organization of the primary motor cortex in psychosis and the potential role of intereffector regions in psychomotor slowing
Altered psychomotor behavior in psychosis is poorly understood. Novel insights into the physiology of the motor cortex prompted a revision of the motor homunculus. Next to core motor effector areas, t...
Reuniting crystallography with real space: Ab initio structure elucidation with 4D-STEM
Structure elucidation via single-crystal methods has historically lacked experimental access to real-space information, instead relying exclusively on diffraction-space measurements of Bragg reflectio...
Gating of immune-triggered cell death is a redox rhythm–specific output
Quantifying cell traction forces at the single-fiber scale in 3D: An approach based on deformable photopolymerized fiber arrays
The forces exerted by cells upon the fibers of the extracellular matrix play a decisive role in cell motility in physiopathology. How the local physical properties of the matrix (density, stiffness, o...
Apusomonad rhodopsins: A new family of ultraviolet to blue light–absorbing rhodopsin channels
Apusomonads are sediment-dwelling bacterivorous protists that are sister to all Opisthokonta. They have been found to show a negative phototactic response to blue light, mediated by an as-yet unidenti...
A species interaction kick-starts ecological speciation in allopatry
Adaptation to different environments is thought to play a key role in speciation. However, speciation typically begins in allopatry, where reproductive isolation can also arise through neutral process...
The simulation of judgment in LLMs
Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly embedded in evaluative processes, from information filtering to assessing and addressing knowledge gaps through explanation and credibility judgments. Thi...
Sperm and offspring production in a nonobstructive azoospermia mouse model via testicular mRNA delivery using lipid nanoparticles
Microsurgical testicular sperm extraction (microTESE) with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) represents the current standard treatment for nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA). However, cures remain...