Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

In This Issue

Wild food portfolios: Access to diverse foods stabilizes harvest in wild food systems

Wild foods are critical to the food security of billions of people worldwide, yet the ecological mechanisms that promote wild food system stability remain poorly understood. Within complex food webs,...

A complete spatial map of mouse retinal ganglion cells reveals density and gene expression specializations

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) transmit visual information from the eye to the brain. In mice, several RGC types show nonuniform spatial distributions, potentially mediating specific visual functions....

A natural variant of an <i>MYC2</i> gene in soybean contributes to resistance against the common cutworm

Herbivory is destructive for crop production in many regions worldwide. The induced plant response to herbivores promotes resistance; therefore, characterizing the mechanisms underlying natural host r...

Cystathionine γ-lyase is a major regulator of cognitive function through neurotrophin signaling and neurogenesis

Cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), the enzyme responsible for neuronal cysteine and hydrogen sulfide production, is dysregulated in aging and neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease and Hun...

NPC1 trafficking via VPS41-dependent LAMP carriers regulates endosomal cholesterol homeostasis

The Niemann-Pick type 1 and 2 proteins (NPC1 and NPC2) coordinate cholesterol egress from late endosomes-lysosomes (LE/LY). Proper folding, trafficking, and localization of both NPC proteins are essen...

Hollow condensates emerge from gelation-induced spinodal decomposition

Recent studies have identified diverse hollow biomolecular condensates, characterized by biomolecule-depleted interiors surrounded by biomolecule-rich shells. Although several formation mechanisms hav...

High-temperature anomalous Hall effect driven by frustrated spin fluctuations in the antiferromagnetic delafossite metal PdCrO ₂

Metallic delafossite oxides are of exceptional interest due to their ultraclean metallic transport. In the case of PdCrO 2 , this arises in a triangular-lattice...

Predicting the unseen: A diffusion-based debiasing framework for transcriptional response prediction at single-cell resolution

Predicting cellular responses to genetic perturbations is critical for advancing our understanding of gene regulation. While single-cell CRISPR perturbation assays such as Perturb-seq provide direct m...

Country-specific progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals: Past, present, and prospects

Two-thirds of the journey to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has passed. However, insights into country-specific progress covering pre- and post-SDG and the prospects remain limited...

Dimerization-activated PP2C-D2 and D5 phosphatases negatively regulate brassinosteroid signaling by antagonizing BRI1

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are key hormones that promote plant growth and development. While reversible phosphorylation of the BR receptor BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1) is critical for BR signaling...

Pathogen dilution, resource partitioning, and precipitation generate productivity benefits from plant diversity

Climate change and biodiversity loss threaten terrestrial productivity. Mitigating productivity loss from interactions between these global change drivers requires a mechanistic understanding of the f...

Exposome research comes of age

A fluorescent reporter and single-turnover kinetics reveal insight into BAM complex function

The β-barrel assembly machine (BAM) is an essential protein complex that folds and inserts outer membrane β-barrel proteins (OMPs) into the bacterial outer membrane. The BAM complex contains the essen...

Distinct classes of gut bacterial molybdenum-dependent enzymes produce urolithins

Urolithin A is an anti-aging and anti-inflammatory gut bacterial metabolite derived from ellagic acid (EA), a polyphenol abundant in berries and nuts. The conversion of EA to urolithin A involves mult...

Early activation of bioenergetic metabolism powers bacterial spore germination

Dormant bacterial spores germinate to become vegetative cells upon germinant exposure. Despite many germinants being energy sources, bioenergetic processes have been overlooked as germination can proc...

Synchrony of neuromodulatory systems during NREM sleep

Neuromodulatory systems play an essential role in regulating brain states and functions. The canonical view is that the release of monoamines including norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT) is high...

Pharmacologic reversion of Merkel cell carcinoma via CBP/p300 inhibition

Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV) T antigen functions as an oncoprotein that drives the transformation of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) cells by activating transcription factors involved in cell proliferat...

A myosin hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mutation disrupts the super-relaxed state and boosts contractility by enhanced actin attachment

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a leading cause of cardiac failure among individuals under 35. Many genetic mutations that cause HCM seem to enhance ventricular systolic function, suggesting that...

Correction for Li et al., BCL2 regulates antibacterial autophagy in the intestinal epithelium

Dysregulated NAMPT signaling underlines the immune-suppressive microenvironment in venous leg ulcers

Venous leg ulcers (VLUs) are the most common form of lower extremity ulceration, with a rising prevalence among the elderly. Despite their clinical significance, the molecular mechanisms underlying VL...

Cannabis produces acute hyperphagia in humans and rodents via increased reward valuation for, and motivation to, acquire food

With approximately 4% of the world’s population using cannabis, there is a need to better understand its physiological effects. Cannabis consumption acutely promotes food intake (“the munchies”) via d...

An ultrapotent human antibody neutralizes all maturation states of Zika virus

Zika virus (ZIKV), a flavivirus, causes a range of clinical complications including microcephaly in human fetuses. Currently, there is no treatment or vaccine. Different maturation states (mature and...

DNA mismatch repair mediated by Mlh1–Pms1 endonuclease-catalyzed mispair excision

Eukaryotic DNA mismatch repair (MMR) involves several excision pathways, including those mediated by exonuclease 1 (Exo1) and by the flap endonuclease Rad27 (human FEN1) coupled with DNA polymerase δ....

Conjunctive population coding integrates sensory evidence to guide adaptive behavior

Cognitive flexibility relies on the continuous accumulation and integration of sensory evidence to guide adaptive behavior. In natural environments, behaviorally relevant information unfolds sequentia...