Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Electrokinetic propulsion for electronically integrated microscopic robots

Semiconductor microelectronics are emerging as a powerful tool for building smart, autonomous sub-millimeter robots. Yet a number of existing microrobot platforms, despite significant advantages in sp...

Predictive processes shape individual musical preferences

Current models suggest that musical pleasure is tied to the intrinsic reward of learning, as it relies on predictive processes that challenge our minds. According to predictive coding, optimal learnin...

Dissociable glucocorticoid and noradrenergic effects on parochial cooperation and competition in intergroup conflict

Stress changes social behavior, yet its effects remain contradictory. Traditionally, stress was thought to trigger an antagonistic fight-or-flight response aimed at eliminating the stressor. However,...

T lymphocyte–specific deletion of SHP1 and SHP2 promotes activation-induced cell death of CD4 ⁺ T cells and impairs antitumor response

SHP1 (PTPN6) and SHP2 (PTPN11) are closely related protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), which are autoinhibited until their SH2 domains bind paired tyrosine-phosphorylated immunoreceptor tyrosine-bas...

In vivo generation of CAR macrophages via the enucleated mesenchymal stem cell delivery system for glioblastoma therapy

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive intracranial tumors for which there is no effective treatment. Chimeric antigen receptor macrophage (CAR-M) therapies have demonstrated impr...

Global synthesis and regional insights for mainstreaming urban nature-based solutions

Nature-based solutions (NbS) have emerged as a key strategy for sustainably addressing multiple urban challenges, with rapidly increasing knowledge production requiring synthesis to better understand...

Energy expenditure and obesity across the economic spectrum

Global economic development has been associated with an increased prevalence of obesity and related health problems. Increased caloric intake and reduced energy expenditure are both cited as developme...

Empowering cities globally: Four levers for transformative urban adaptation with nature-based solutions

The latest report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change showed that upcoming decades are likely to be accompanied with an increase in climate impacts in urban areas, thereby stressing the n...

Dynamic neuroplasticity of language networks: The intersection of bilingualism and epilepsy

Are bilingual language networks flexible enough to dynamically adapt to neurological insult? We examined language lateralization in 24 bilingual and 46 monolingual adults with temporal lobe epilepsy u...

Indigenous critiques and recommendations for reclaiming nature-based solutions

Indigenous peoples have long histories and diverse contemporary practices of caring for and enhancing biodiversity at different scales, in rural and urban contexts. As has been researched and document...

Optomechanical reservoir computing

Nonlinear dynamics are pervasive phenomena in natural and synthetic material systems, where time-varying signals from different physical stimuli in the environment influence the material system behavi...

Human and climate impacts on the alpine Critical Zone over the past 10,000 y

Agropastoral activities have impacted the habitable part of our planet—the “Critical Zone”—for thousands of years, triggering a major increase in soil erosion in mountain environments. Understanding a...

Explaining and predicting the Southern Hemisphere eddy-driven jet

The summertime eddy-driven jet (EDJ) in the Southern Hemisphere is a critical mediator between regional climate and large-scale phenomena, guiding synoptic systems that shape weather patterns. Uncerta...

Sleeping upside-down: Knockdown of a sleep-associated gene induces daytime sleep in the jellyfish <i>Cassiopea</i>

The conservation of sleep among diverse animals provides clear evidence for its physiological importance, but the extent of its regulatory conservation is unknown. The upside-down jellyfish...

Correction to Supporting Information for Yi et al., Transcriptional suppression of AMPKα1 promotes breast cancer metastasis upon oncogene activation

Nature-based solutions for urban sustainability

Predicting regime shifts and beyond

Reactive mixing enables enzymatic depolymerization of recalcitrant or unsortable polyester wastes

Enzyme-catalyzed depolymerization allows efficient recycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) bottles, which are easy to sort and made of slowly crystallizing PET. However, because crystalline ph...

Water content modulation enables selective ion transport in 2D MXene membranes

Separation membranes are critical for a range of processes, including but not limited to water desalination, chemical and fuel production, and recycling and recovery applications. Fundamentally, there...

Visual adaptation stronger at the horizontal than the vertical meridian: Linking performance with V1 cortical surface area

Visual adaptation reduces bioenergetic expenditure by decreasing sensitivity to repetitive and similar stimuli. In human adults, visual performance varies systematically around the polar angle for man...

Wireless arm-worn bioimpedance sensor for continuous assessment of whole-body hydration

Assessment of whole-body hydration (WBH) is crucial for health management and disease diagnosis. Traditional methods are invasive or require bulky equipment, making them impractical for mobile, contin...

Impact forecasting for humanitarianism: Opportunities and challenges

Amplification through local critical behavior in the mammalian cochlea

Hearing hinges upon the ear’s ability to enhance its responsiveness by means of an energy-expending active process that amplifies the very mechanical inputs that it detects. This process is defined by...

Growing recognition of post-acute infection syndromes

Amyloid-β modulates the phase separation and aggregation of α-synuclein

The aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and α-synuclein (αSyn) into insoluble proteinaceous deposits is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Recent evidence suggests that these amyloidogenic...