Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Correction for Beal et al., Nutrient-dense foods and diverse diets are important for ensuring adequate nutrition across the life course

Correction for Spirandelli et al., Exotic self-assembly of hard spheres in a morphometric solvent

Norms emerge through iterated learning

Injunctive norms are universal: Every culture has rules that specify what actions are forbidden, obligatory, or permitted. Where do all of these norms come from? In this paper, we identify a mechanism...

N <i>-</i> acetyltransferases required for iron uptake and aminoglycoside resistance promote virulence lipid production in <i>Mycobacterium marinum</i>

Phagosomal lysis is essential for mycobacterial infection of macrophages. Acetylation is a protein modification mediated enzymatically by N-acetyltransferases (NATs) that impacts bacterial pathogenesi...

Resource-use plasticity governs the causal relationship between traits and community structure in model microbial communities

Resolving the relationship between species’ traits and their relative abundance is a central challenge in ecology. Current hypotheses assume relative abundances either result from or are independent o...

Optimizing the application order under precedent-based decision-making

We study the decision problem of a Proposer who has a set of applications to submit for approval to an Authority and can choose an order of submission. The Proposer’s utility depends on the Authority’...

Block copolymer molecular design to address practical limitations to recycling polyolefin blends

Plastics offer innumerable societal benefits but simultaneously contribute to persistent environmental pollution, dominated by polyethylene (PE) and isotactic polypropylene ( i...

Metabolic traits are shaped by phylogenetic conservatism and environment, not just body size

Metabolic rate dictates life’s tempo, yet how ecological and environmental factors integrate to shape metabolic traits remains contentious. Considering metabolic traits of 114 species of ants from sev...

Surface tension between coexisting phases of active Brownian particles

The confliction between the stable interface in phase-separated active Brownian particles and its negative surface tension, obtained mechanically via the active pressure, has sparked considerable deba...

Neutron and time-resolved X-ray crystallography reveal the substrate recognition and catalytic mechanism of human Nudix hydrolase MTH1

Human MTH1, a Nudix enzyme, hydrolyzes several oxidized nucleotides such as 8-oxo-dGTP and 2-oxo-dATP, owing to its broad substrate specificity. MTH1 has also attracted attention as an anticancer targ...

Infectious disease outbreaks drive political mistrust

The COVID-19 pandemic has renewed attention to the far-reaching social implications of emerging infectious diseases, an issue with historical parallels in the transformative effects of the Black Plagu...

Synergy between membrane topography and domains to control signaling protein localization in mast cells facilitates their activation

Similar to T cells and B cells, mast cell surfaces are dominated by microvilli, and like these other immune cells we showed with microvillar cartography (MVC) that key signaling proteins for RBL mast...

Emergence of isochorismate-based salicylic acid biosynthesis within Brassicales

Salicylic acid (SA) is a major defense phytohormone. In Arabidopsis thaliana , the isochorismate (IC) pathway is the primary route for pathogen-induced SA biosy...

Inactivation of PI3K-C2α deregulates cell death pathways and sensitizes to endotoxic shock

The organismal roles of the class II PI3K isoform PI3K-C2α remain poorly understood. Recent studies have found PI3K-C2α to promote arterial thrombosis and breast cancer metastasis, generating interest...

Amino acid coating enables micromotor operation in physiological conditions

Physiological environment with high ionic strength will quench the propulsion of micro/nanomotors (MNMs) by suppressing electric double layers, especially for those motors based on electrolyte diffusi...

Deletion of p63 exon 13 in mice reveals C-terminal isoform–specific functions in epithelial development

The transcription factor p63 is an essential regulator of epithelial development. Yet, the complexity at the 3′UTR, which gives rise to the three distinct C-terminal protein isoforms (α, β, and γ), re...

Accelerating countermeasure candidate discovery for A-series chemical warfare agent exposure

The recent alleged use of A-series chemical warfare agents (CWAs) highlights the urgent need to better understand their inhibition of cholinesterase enzymes and the reported shortcomings of traditiona...

Robust single-trial decoding of physical self-motion from hemodynamic signals in the brain measured by functional ultrasound imaging

Physical self-motion frequently happens in daily life, during which our vestibular system is critical in various important functions including balance and visual stability maintenance, postural and mo...

Bistable random momentum transfer in a linear on-chip resonator

Optical switches and bifurcation rely on the nonlinear response of materials. Here, we demonstrate linear temporal bifurcation responses in a passive multimode microresonator, with strongly coupled ch...

An enzyme-based approach for highly efficient self-replication of DNA origami dimers

Self-replication and exponential growth are essential to all living things, the driving force for Darwinian evolution, and potentially useful in nanotechnology for large-scale production of nanoscopic...

mtKO: A dedicated guide RNA library for mitochondria research

Mitochondria are multifunctional organelles central to both physiological and pathological processes. In malignant cancer cells, mitochondrial reprogramming establishes the metabolic foundation to mee...

Cell-type-informed genotyping of mosaic focal epilepsies reveals cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous disease-associated transcriptional programs

While it is widely accepted that somatic variants that activate the PI3K-mTOR pathway are a major cause of drug-resistant focal epilepsy, typically associated with focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) type...

Structures of <i>Chaetomium thermophilum</i> TOM complexes with bound preproteins

Mitochondria import most of their proteins from the cytoplasm through the TOM complex. Preproteins containing targeting signals are recognized by the TOM receptor subunits and translocated by Tom40 ac...

How to design better incentives for carbon capture and storage in the United States

Photoselective isotope fractionation dynamics of N ₂ with cosmo and atmospheric chemistry perspectives

Stable isotope ratio measurements provide valuable insights into a broad range of natural processes, from planetary atmospheres and climate to interstellar chemistry. Nitrogen, which has two stable is...