<i>WUSCHEL-D1</i> upregulation enhances grain number by inducing formation of multiovary-producing florets in wheat

A Adam Schoen (Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland) G Guilherme V. Yoshikawa (School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide) P Parva Kumar Sharma (Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland) A Alex Mahlandt (Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland) Y Yi Chen H Huajin Sheng L Leon Kochian P Peng Gao D Daoquan Xiang T Teagen D. Quilichini (Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan) P Prakash Venglat (Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan) S Sheng Wang I Inderjit Singh Yadav (School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University) R Robert Sablowski (Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre) Y Yuqi Wang P Peng Zhang A Annabel Whibley (Grapevine Improvement Laboratory, Bragato Research Institute) A Amy Hill (Grapevine Improvement Laboratory, Bragato Research Institute) Y Yong Gu D Daniel Rodriguez-Leal (Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland) W Weifeng Luo (Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland) Y Yiping Qi N Nathan Meier (Department of Plant Biology, University of California) A Anmol Kajla (Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland) M Matthew Willman (Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University) G Gina Brown-Guedira (US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Southeast Area, Plant Science Research) S Sheron A Simpson (Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University) R Ramey C. Youngblood (Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University) A Amanda Hulse-Kemp (Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service) A Angus Murphy (Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland) B Bikram Gill (Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University) C Cristobal Uauy R Raju Datla N Nidhi Rawat (Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland) S Scott A. Boden (School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide) V Vijay Tiwari (Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland)

Abstract

Innovative genetic improvements in food crops are needed to maintain global food security. Here, we report the map-based cloning of TaWUSCHEL-D1 ( WUS-D1 ) as the gene responsible for the multiovary phenotype in wheat, which produces three fertile ovaries and grains per floret. We generated a 14.5 Gbp chromosome-level assembly of multiovary wheat line “MOV” that shows unique structural variation in the Mov-1 physical region, resulting in widespread gene upregulation. High-resolution genetic mapping refined the locus to a 135 kbp region that contains two genes. We used nine independent deletion mutants, eight TILLING mutants, and genetic complementation of these genotypes to show that a WUSCHEL ortholog, WUS-D1 , is the causal gene of the Mov-1 locus. Expression studies showed that WUS-D1 is highly expressed during early inflorescence development in MOV, whereas the gene is inactive in wild-type wheat. The higher WUS-D1 expression is associated with the formation of larger meristems and floret primordia that are competent to produce multiple ovaries. These insights provide a foundation to manipulate floral organ numbers to enhance breeding capabilities of bread wheat.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 122, Issue 42
Published October 21, 2025
ISSN 0027-8424
Publisher National Academy of Sciences

Authors (36)

A

Adam Schoen

Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland

G

Guilherme V. Yoshikawa

School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide

P

Parva Kumar Sharma

Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland

A

Alex Mahlandt

Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland

Y

Yi Chen

H

Huajin Sheng

L

Leon Kochian

P

Peng Gao

D

Daoquan Xiang

T

Teagen D. Quilichini

Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan

P

Prakash Venglat

Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan

S

Sheng Wang

I

Inderjit Singh Yadav

School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University

R

Robert Sablowski

Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre

Y

Yuqi Wang

P

Peng Zhang

A

Annabel Whibley

Grapevine Improvement Laboratory, Bragato Research Institute

A

Amy Hill

Grapevine Improvement Laboratory, Bragato Research Institute

Y

Yong Gu

D

Daniel Rodriguez-Leal

Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland

W

Weifeng Luo

Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland

Y

Yiping Qi

N

Nathan Meier

Department of Plant Biology, University of California

A

Anmol Kajla

Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland

M

Matthew Willman

Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University

G

Gina Brown-Guedira

US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Southeast Area, Plant Science Research

S

Sheron A Simpson

Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University

R

Ramey C. Youngblood

Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University

A

Amanda Hulse-Kemp

Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service

A

Angus Murphy

Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland

B

Bikram Gill

Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University

C

Cristobal Uauy

R

Raju Datla

N

Nidhi Rawat

Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland

S

Scott A. Boden

School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide

V

Vijay Tiwari

Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland