Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Articles in this Issue
Virulence hierarchies within the <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> complex
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) includes M. tuberculosis ( M. tb )...
Broadband topological transitions in twisted elastodynamic metasurfaces
In the last decade, the connection between physics and topology has resulted in the discovery of several new phenomena. A celebrated example is the field of topological insulators [X.-L. Qi, S.-C. Zha...
TMEM16F phospholipid scramblase regulates tumorigenesis by modulating the tumor immune microenvironment
The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment enables immune evasion through mechanisms beyond canonical immune checkpoints. While phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization coordinates apoptotic clearanc...
Shapes of ideal stalagmites
Stalagmites are isolated columns of calcium carbonate growing on a cave floor; their growth is driven by the constant dripping of supersaturated solutions from the roof of the cave. In this paper, we...
TCR signal–enhancing mutation alters lipid metabolism of thymocytes and impairs antitumor immunity of mature T cells
The T cell receptor (TCR), a master regulator of adaptive immunity, serves as a molecular transducer that converts antigen recognition into precisely modulated intracellular signals, orchestrating bot...
Oil–water interfaces drive gold precipitation via microdroplet chemistry in thermal geological systems
Sedimentary basins host high-grade gold mineralization at intersections of auriferous hydrothermal fluids and hydrocarbons. However, the precise mechanism of native gold formation associated with orga...
T cell receptor specificity landscape revealed through de novo peptide design
T cells play a key role in adaptive immunity by mounting specific responses against diverse pathogens. Effective bindings between T cell receptors (TCRs) and pathogen derived peptides presented on maj...
Exploring bacteria–surface interactions with a fluorescent membrane tension probe
Understanding how bacteria interact with surfaces is critical for advancing applications in biofilm and biofouling prevention, biomaterial development, or biosensing. However, the biophysical mechanis...
A generalizable deep learning framework for structure-based protein–ligand affinity ranking
Rapid and accurate estimation of protein–ligand binding affinities is crucial for early-stage drug discovery, yet hindered by a trade-off between the accuracy of gold-standard physics-based methods an...
Ubiquitin-mediated degradation restricts spatiotemporal accumulation of the cytoplasmic male sterility protein WA352 to anthers in rice
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is caused by mitochondrial genes that are constitutively expressed in plant tissues, although the encoded proteins preferentially accumulate in anthers. The mechanisms...
Linking the production of reactive oxygen species to the expression of antimicrobial peptides through aquaporin in an arthropod
In arthropods, bacterial infection activates dual oxidase 2 (Duox2) to produce extracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), while stimulating the expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) through im...
Parkinsonism disrupts the balance between excitatory and inhibitory activity within the primary motor cortex during movement
Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been associated with alterations in neuronal activity in the basal ganglia-thalamocortical (BGTC) network. Previous studies have suggested that cortical disinhibition is a...
Uncovering functional connectivity patterns predictive of cognition in youth using interpretable predictive modeling
Brain-wide association studies using functional MRI have advanced our understanding of how behavioral traits relate to individual variability in brain function. These studies typically identify functi...
A protein dynamics–based deep learning model enhances predictions of fitness and epistasis
Deep learning has advanced our ability to assess the effects that individual mutations have on protein function; however, predicting the complex interplay between two or more mutations remains challen...
Integrative mapping reveals molecular features underlying the mechanism of nucleocytoplasmic transport
Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) enable rapid, selective, and robust nucleocytoplasmic transport. To explain how transport emerges from the system components and their interactions, we used experimental...
Temporal and spatial coordination of DNA segregation and cell division in an archaeon
Cells must coordinate DNA segregation with cytokinesis to ensure that each daughter cell inherits a complete genome. Here, we explore how DNA segregation and division are mechanistically coupled in ar...
Formation of a complex between TMEM217 and the sodium-proton exchanger SLC9C1 is crucial for mouse sperm motility and male fertility
Sperm motility is essential for male fertility and is tightly controlled by signaling events in the flagellum. Slc9c1 encodes a sperm-specific Na...
Information sampling and Bayesian belief formation in statistical judgment
The statistical properties of data are often communicated using visual graphs, like scatterplots. However, decision makers make systematic errors when processing these graphs, with important consequen...
FETCH enables fluorescent labeling of membrane proteins in vivo with spatiotemporal control in <i>Drosophila</i>
Fluorescent labeling approaches are crucial for elucidating protein function and dynamics. While robust methods to monitor gene transcription are widespread, the visualization of proteins in vivo is m...
The insulin-like peptides Dilp2 and Dilp6 exhibit divergent responses to dietary sugar and protein in <i>Drosophila</i> larvae
Nutrient intake drives secretion of insulin and insulin-like peptides that stimulate anabolic metabolism and tissue growth. Eight Drosophila insulin-like peptid...
Invasin-functionalized PIC hydrogels enable long-term 3D culture of epithelial organoids
Tissue stem cell (TSC)-derived epithelial organoids are typically cultured in Matrigel [T. Sato et al. , Nature 459...
Identification of CCR4C as a chloroplast-localized NADP(H) phosphatase regulating NAD(P)(H) balance in <i>Arabidopsis</i>
NAD(P)(H) metabolism plays a crucial role in plant development and growth. NADK2, a chloroplast-localized NAD kinase, supplies NADP + to the photosynthetic elec...
Correction for Garzon et al., MicroRNA fingerprints during human megakaryocytopoiesis
Safety versus performance: How multi-objective learning reduces barriers to market entry
Emerging marketplaces for large language models and other large-scale machine learning models appear to exhibit market concentration, which has raised concerns about whether there are insurmountable b...
Emergence of antiphage functions from random sequence libraries reveals mechanisms of gene birth
De novo gene birth—the emergence of genes from nongenic sequences—drives biological innovation, yet its adaptive potential remains poorly understood. To investigate this issue, we screened libraries o...