Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Articles in this Issue
Single-molecule views of chromatin accessibility and structure during photomorphogenesis
The dynamic organization of chromatin governs gene expression by regulating DNA accessibility. In plants, light not only initiates photomorphogenesis but also reshapes higher-order chromatin architect...
Measurement of cellular traction forces during confined migration
To migrate efficiently through tissues, cells must transit through small constrictions within the extracellular matrix. However, in vivo environments are geometrically, mechanically, and chemically co...
Solvation-induced local structure in liquids probed by high-harmonic spectroscopy
High-harmonic generation (HHG) has been established as a powerful tool for studying structure and dynamics of quantum systems in gas and solid phases. To date, only a few studies have extended HHG spe...
Native metabolomics identifies pteridines as CutA ligands and modulators of copper binding
CutA, a conserved protein across all domains of life, has been suggested to be involved in copper tolerance in bacteria, though recent studies have questioned this association, leaving its biological...
Reaching the full potential of cryo-EM reconstructions with molecular dynamics simulations at 310 K: Actin filaments as an example
Cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of multiprotein complexes such as actin filaments help explain the mechanisms of assembly and interactions with partner proteins. Yet, rapid cooling during...
USP1–TRAF2 axis–regulated mortalin stability mediates chemoresistance by disrupting calcium transport in peripheral T-cell lymphoma
Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 1 (USP1) plays a critical role in the progression and chemoresistance of various cancers, making USP1 inhibitors a promising therapeutic option in cancer treatment. Howeve...
Actin isoform–specific interactions revealed by <i>Vibrio</i> VopV actin-binding repeats
Despite an evolutionary separation of over 300 Mya, there are no amino acid substitutions in certain actin isoforms from reptiles to mammals. What divergence that does exist between different actin is...
Light-field deep learning enables high-throughput, scattering-mitigated calcium imaging
Light-field microscopy (LFM) enables high-throughput functional imaging by scanlessly encoding entire volumes in single snapshots. However, LFM’s computational burden and vulnerability to scattering l...
Human coronavirus 3CL protease manipulates host protein STIM1 to facilitate immune evasion
Coronaviruses rely on intricate interactions with host proteins to create an environment conducive to their replication and survival. The 3CL protease of coronavirus acts as a key mediator, serving a...
Precipitation increase promotes soil organic carbon formation and stability via the mycorrhizal fungal pathway
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form symbiotic relationships with roots of most terrestrial plants, playing a crucial role in regulating soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics. While precipitation incr...
Pathogens spread by high-flying wind-borne mosquitoes
Mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria and dengue threaten billions of people and cause the death of hundreds of thousands annually. Recent studies have revealed that many mosquito species regularly...
Using gnotobiotic mice to decipher effects of gut microbiome repair in undernourished children on tuft and goblet cell function
Studies have implicated perturbations in the postnatal development of the gut microbiome as a contributing factor to childhood undernutrition. Compared to a standard ready-to-use supplementary food, a...
Inhibition of ice recrystallization with designed twistless helical repeat proteins
Given the repetitive structure of crystalline ice, it is unsurprising that highly active ice-binding proteins (IBPs), often with beta-roll structures, also have repeating motifs. Here, we introduce a...
Tattoo ink induces inflammation in the draining lymph node and alters the immune response to vaccination
Despite safety concerns regarding the toxicity of tattoo ink, no studies have reported the consequences of tattooing on the immune response. In this work, we have characterized the transport and accum...
China’s post-zero-COVID Omicron wave: A Bayesian analysis
Following the late 2022 transition from its “dynamic zero-COVID” policy, China experienced a major nationwide severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron wave. To characterize...
Drug repurposing screen identifies an HRI activating compound that promotes adaptive mitochondrial remodeling in MFN2-deficient cells
Pathogenic variants in the mitochondrial outer membrane GTPase MFN2 cause the peripheral neuropathy Charcot–Marie–Tooth type 2A (CMT2A). These mutations can disrupt MFN2-dependent regulation of divers...
Delay-facilitated self-assembly in compartmentalized systems
Self-assembly processes in biological and synthetic biomolecular systems are often governed by the spatial separation of biochemical processes. While previous work has focused on optimizing self-assem...
Lamprey <i>FOXN1</i> rescues the block of thymic epithelial cell development in the mouse <i>Foxn1</i> -deficient thymic rudiment
All vertebrate adaptive immune systems exhibit distinct lymphocyte lineages. In jawless vertebrates, such as lampreys, T-like cells are thought to develop in lympho-epithelial structures at the tips o...
Isoform-specific regulation of PKM by acetylation
Pyruvate kinase (PK) is a crucial glycolytic protein involved in vital cellular processes ranging from cell proliferation to immune responses. The activity and functions of PK are tightly regulated by...
Engineered calcium-regulated affinity protein for efficient internalization and lysosomal toxin delivery
The emerging strategy of protein–drug conjugates (PDCs) for targeted cancer therapy holds great potential to improve treatment efficacy by specifically targeting cancer biomarkers and delivering toxic...
Microbial necromass carbon enhances arsenic methylation in paddy soils
Microbial necromass carbon (MNC) constitutes a critical component of soil organic carbon. Yet, how MNC regulates microbial arsenic (As) methylation processes in soil remains unclear. Across major Chin...
<i>Lrig1</i> -expressing quiescent stem cells maintain vocal fold mucosal homeostasis via <i>Notch</i> signaling
Identifying progenitor cells in laryngeal and vocal fold (VF) mucosa is essential for advancing stem cell–based therapies for VF diseases. In this study, we used Lrig1...
SurFlex microscopy: Measuring flexibility of surface-tethered biomolecules
The flexibility of tethered molecules, such as those bound to biological membranes, is an important property that can influence molecular height, mobility, and accessibility. However, quantifying the...
Anomalous fracture behavior in borosilicate glass facilitated by stress-induced molecular rearrangements
Silica-based glasses have found numerous applications in every field of human endeavor. Understanding their mechanical behavior under high strain rates is essential for the use of these materials in e...
Brain-wide mapping of developmental trajectories of cerebellar efferent projections
Long-range cerebellar outputs are critical for shaping brain-wide functional architecture, influencing motor, cognitive, and affective domains. Proper cerebellar development and its efferent circuits...