Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Articles in this Issue
How public involvement can improve the science of AI
As AI systems from decision-making algorithms to generative AI are deployed more widely, computer scientists and social scientists alike are being called on to provide trustworthy quantitative evaluat...
Nitrogen-fixing microbes gain genes in diverse types of living environments
Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), which is catalyzed by a large nitrogenase enzyme complex, has evolved in both bacteria and archaea. Indeed, nitrogen-fixing species are found in diverse living envi...
Probing direct interactions between nuclear proteins in cells with nxReLo
Nearly all biological processes depend on protein–protein interactions (PPIs). While various methods exist to study these interactions, investigating those that involve nuclear proteins, including str...
ROPGAP3 interacts with PIN2 and modulates its clustering and trafficking in <i>Arabidopsis</i>
Guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-hydrolyzing enzyme (GTPase) activating proteins (GAPs) negatively regulate small GTPase-mediated signaling by enhancing GTP to guanosine diphosphate (GDP) hydrolysis. The...
Diversification of diterpene biosynthesis occurred early in octocoral evolution
Octocorals are the major source of marine-derived bioactive terpenoids. However, the vast majority of explored chemistry is known from shallow-water species, leaving deep-sea octocorals largely unexpl...
Correction for Hullahalli et al., Genetic and immune determinants of <i>E. coli</i> liver abscess formation
SUPPRESSOR OF LAZY QUADRUPLE 1 acts at ER–plasma membrane contact sites to control a gravitropism pathway in the <i>Arabidopsis</i> stem
LAZY proteins function early in the process of orienting growth of land plants with respect to the gravity vector (gravitropism). In Arabidopsis , an oppositely...
Unmeasured prior viability selection resolves the paradox of stasis for body size in wild Soay sheep
The estimation of natural selection is used to understand ecological and evolutionary processes in wild populations and is often used to predict change. However, the direct application of quantitative...
Regulated coexpression of PrP from different species in mice impacts the replication and host range properties of prion strains
Our previous demonstration that replacement of murine cellular prion protein (PrP C ) expression with elk or deer PrP C...
The intermediate filament protein GFAP regulates mitochondrial fission in astrocytes
Mitochondrial plasticity, coordinated by fission and fusion, is crucial to ensure cellular functions. Mitochondrial fission is mediated by the GTPase Drp1 at the constriction site, which is proposed t...
Nonionic signaling rapidly remodels postsynaptic DLG to induce retrograde homeostatic plasticity
Synapses must be resilient to the challenges they confront during development, experience, disease, and aging. A conserved form of adaptive plasticity, observed at the glutamatergic...
Cellular energy sensor SnRK1 suppresses salicylic acid–dependent and –independent defenses and bacterial resistance in <i>Arabidopsis</i>
In nature, plants cope with various pathogens that compete for cellular resources during infection. It has long been suggested that plant defense activity must be linked to cellular energy and metabol...
The sleep–wake history contributes to rhythmic BMAL1 chromatin binding in the cerebral cortex but not in the liver
The timing and quality of sleep is regulated by circadian- and sleep–wake-driven processes. The core clock gene Bmal1 not only affects the circadian timing of s...
Myeloid GPSM1 regulates atherosclerosis progression by governing monocyte and macrophage activation and chemotaxis
The activation of blood monocytes and the infiltration of monocyte-derived macrophages into the vessel walls are the central part of atherosclerosis. However, the mechanisms underlying the processes r...
Genetic control of seasonal meristem arrest in trees
Perennial plants, such as trees native to temperate and boreal regions, exhibit meristems that undergo annual cycles of activity and rest to synchronize their growth cycles with seasonal changes, ensu...
Preassembly and independent trafficking of the exocyst complex in <i>Arabidopsis</i>
Membrane fusion, the culmination of eukaryotic membrane trafficking, is orchestrated by the exocyst complex (a conserved octamer comprising SC1 and SC2 heterotetramers) and sensitive factor attachment...
The far extracellular CUB domain of the adhesion GPCR ADGRG6/GPR126 is a key regulator of receptor signaling
Adhesion G protein–coupled receptors (aGPCRs) transduce extracellular adhesion events into cytoplasmic signaling pathways. ADGRG6/GPR126 is an aGPCR critical for axon myelination, heart development, a...
Simulating human well-being with large language models: Systematic validation and misestimation across 64,000 individuals from 64 countries
Subjective well-being is central to economic, medical, and policy decision-making. We evaluate whether large language models (LLMs) can provide valid predictions of well-being across global population...
Small siphophage binding to an open state of the LptDE outer membrane lipopolysaccharide translocon
Bacteriophages are bacterial viruses that provide alternatives to small-molecule drugs to combat infections by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. To infect a bacterial host, a phage needs to bind to the b...
Uncovering heterogeneous intercommunity disease transmission from neutral allele frequency time series
The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the need for accurate epidemic forecasting to predict pathogen spread, evolution, and evaluate intervention strategies. Forecast reliability hinges on detailed kn...
ATG2 is a triglyceride transfer protein
Bridge-like lipid transfer proteins (BLTPs) are established to function in phospholipid transport between bilayers at organelle–organelle contact sites. However, the BLTP ATG2A also associates with li...
Immunogenic cell death unlocks the potential for combined radiation and immunotherapy
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) enhances antitumor immunity by releasing tumor-associated antigens and activating the antitumor immune system response. Here, we develop a mathematical model to quantify t...
Antibiotics accumulate in <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> liver abscesses but fail to eliminate antibiotic-tolerant populations
Liver abscesses caused by hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) can lead to severe metastatic complications, with mortality rates ranging from 5 to 40%. Ev...
Evidence for nodal superconductivity in infinite-layer nickelates
Infinite-layer nickelates present a new family of potential unconventional superconductors. A key open question is the superconducting pairing symmetry. We present low-temperature measurements of the...
Nanorate sequencing reveals the <i>Arabidopsis</i> somatic mutation landscape
The rate and spectrum of somatic mutations can diverge from that of germline mutations. This is because somatic tissues experience different mutagenic processes than germline tissues. Here, we use nan...