Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Articles in this Issue
PFAS-contaminated drinking water harms infants
There is evidence of widespread human exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) but limited evidence of the human health impacts of this exposure. Using data on New Hampshire births from...
Multiple weak brakes act in concert to control STIM1 and store-operated calcium entry
Store-operated Ca 2+ entry is a key signaling pathway controlled by the interaction of the ER Ca 2+ sensor STIM1 with th...
The upside and challenge of getting it wrong
Identification of an IRF–ZBP1–caspase-8–NINJ1 axis in driving PANoptosis and pathology during alcohol-associated liver disease
Innate immunity provides the critical first line of defense against infection and sterile triggers. Inflammatory cell death is a key component of the innate immune response to clear pathogens, but exc...
Combination of Cas9 and adeno-associated vectors enables efficient in vivo knockdown of precise miRNAs in the rodent and primate brain
microRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of multiple biological functions. Although intensively studied, inactivating miRNAs in vivo is particularly challenging, especially in the brain. Here, we designe...
Galectin-9 binding to HLA-DR in dendritic cells controls immune synapse formation and T cell proliferation
To initiate T cell–mediated immunity, dendritic cells (DCs) present antigens to T cells through the establishment of an immune synapse (IS). While events behind IS formation in T cells are well unders...
Mutations and mitotic recombination events in nondividing cells
Genetics of prelingual isolated deafness and Usher syndrome in the Maghreb and Jordan: Harnessing the potential of homozygosity
The molecular genetic diagnosis of prelingual sensorineural hearing impairment (HI) is essential for genetic counseling and patient management. Effective diagnosis requires a knowledge of the genetic...
Functional recovery induced by KCC2-enabled relay pathways in completely injured spinal cords in adult rats
Despite tremendous progress in promoting endogenous axon regeneration and engineering relay pathways by cell transplantation, the obtained functional recovery is still limited. We reason that these re...
Can speed cameras make streets safer? Quasi-experimental evidence from New York City
Each year, approximately 40,000 people die in vehicle collisions in the United States, generating $340 billion in economic costs. To make roads safer without expanding police contact, many cities have...
Restoring fertility with a lipid nanoparticle–mRNA platform: A new era in male germline therapy
Mathematical artifacts in slope–intercept correlations invalidate biological inferences in aging research
Galectin-related protein, a key contributor, drives diabetes-associated neuropathic pain
Neuropathic pain associated with central sensitization is common in diabetic patients, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, a proteomics screen identified a previously uncharacterized p...
The subcellular architecture of <i>Paratrypanosoma confusum</i> revealed by CryoET: A window into early trypanosome evolution
The trypanosomatid Paratrypanosoma confusum represents a key evolutionary link between free-living bodonids and parasitic trypanosomes, yet its cellular archite...
Microbial driver of 2006–2023 CH <sub>4</sub> growth indicated by trends in atmospheric δD–CH <sub>4</sub> and δ <sup>13</sup> C–CH <sub>4</sub>
Methane (CH 4 ) is the second most important greenhouse gas and has been rising following a brief period of stabilization from 1999 to 2006. Determining the cau...
The olfactory bulb endocast as a proxy for mammalian olfaction
Olfaction is a critical sense for tetrapods, playing a key role in survival and reproduction by aiding in food detection, predator avoidance, and social interactions. Olfactory performance has been ex...
The littler things that run the little things that run the world
Chatbot Voting Advice Applications inform but seldom sway young unaligned voters
Voting Advice Applications (VAAs) are interactive tools that communicate information about elections, yet their effectiveness in enhancing political knowledge and participation remains understudied. M...
Evolved birth physiology meets modern birth practice: Sustained effects of planned cesarean delivery on child hair cortisol in Brazil
Cesarean section (CS) is the most common major surgery worldwide and, by enabling birth outside physiologic labor, is an evolutionary novelty. Labor-related mechanical and hormonal stimuli, shaped by...
Convection can enhance the capacitive charging of porous electrodes
Charge transport in porous electrodes is foundational for modern energy storage technologies like supercapacitors, fuel cells, and batteries. Supercapacitors in particular rely solely on storing energ...
Neuromodulatory control of energy reserves in dopaminergic neurons
The brain is a metabolically vulnerable organ as neurons have both high resting metabolic rates and the need for local rapid conversion of carbon sources to ATP during activity. Midbrain dopamine neur...
Eliminating air pollution disparities requires more than emission reduction
In the United States, people of color are disproportionately and unjustly exposed to air pollution. Historically, environmental policy has emphasized aggregate emission reductions, yet major emission...
Contrasting outcomes of inherited <i>NOD2</i> loss-of-function variants on immunotherapy response in cancer
Reply to Bousdar et al.: Common inherited loss-of-function mutations in the innate sensor <i>NOD2</i> contribute to exceptional immune response to cancer immunotherapy
A speleothem record from the Fertile Crescent covering the last deglaciation better contextualizes neolithization
This study presents a high-resolution, multiproxy (carbon and oxygen isotopes, trace elements, and strontium isotopes) speleothem record from the Kurdistan Region of Iraq extending from the end of the...