Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Colored HOMFLYPT counts holomorphic curves

Given a link in the three-sphere, its Lagrangian conormal can be transplanted to the “resolved conifold,” which is a certain noncompact Calabi–Yau threefold. Here we show that, as predicted by Ooguri...

Correction for Pospisil and Pillow, Revisiting the high-dimensional geometry of population responses in the visual cortex

Glomerular endothelial cells eliminate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide to instruct CD103 ⁺ T cells in human lupus nephritis

Lupus nephritis (LN), which is characterized by the accumulation of DNA-containing immune complexes (ICs), is the leading cause of death in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). While grow...

Spiking world model with multicompartment neurons for model-based reinforcement learning

Brain-inspired spiking neural networks (SNNs) have garnered significant research attention in algorithm design and perception applications. However, their potential in the decision-making domain, part...

SPNS1 is an essential cellular factor for EV-A71 by acting as a transporter of viral pocket factor

Human enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is a major cause of hand, foot and mouth disease. Cellular factors critical for EV-A71 infection remain enigmatic. Here, we performed CRISPR/Cas9 screens and identified...

Computationally efficient whole-genome quantile regression at biobank scale

Genotype–phenotype associations can be context-dependent and dynamic in nature leading to heterogeneity of genetic effects across different parts of the phenotype distribution. Quantile regression, an...

Evaluating large language models in biomedical data science challenges through a classroom experiment

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in algorithm design, but their effectiveness in solving data science challenges in real-world settings remains poorly understood. We con...

Building hierarchically nested structure by rapid neural sequences

Hierarchically nested structures are fundamental to human cognition, enabling complex behaviors across domains including language, planning, and mathematics. However, the neural mechanisms that enable...

TAPT1 interacts with SUCO to maintain the homeostasis of newly synthesized proteins and brain development in mice

Genetic mutations in Tapt1 cause complex skeletal dysplasia and structural brain abnormalities. Although the pathogenesis underlying skeletal dysplasia has been...

MultistageOT: Multistage optimal transport infers trajectories from a snapshot of single-cell data

Single-cell RNA-sequencing captures a temporal slice, or a snapshot, of a cell differentiation process. A major bioinformatical challenge is the inference of differentiation trajectories from a single...

Fluoride triggers lysis in <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> by inhibition of the Clp protease complex, leading to an unabated competence cascade

Fluoride has long been known to possess antimicrobial properties. For many bacteria, the toxic effects of fluoride are reversible. However, fluoride has also been shown to trigger lysis and cell death...

A balance between glycitein and glyceollins governed by isoflavone 6-hydroxylase confers soybean resistance to <i>Phytophthora sojae</i>

Isoflavonoids, predominantly found in legumes, are specialized metabolites with antioxidant properties that benefit both plant resilience and human health. Using metabolic genome-wide association stud...

Biological fidelity: The engine driving the neuromorphic renaissance

Reward-driven adaptation of movements requires strong recurrent basal ganglia–cortical loops

The basal ganglia (BG) are a collection of subcortical nuclei involved in motor control, sensorimotor integration, and procedural learning. They play a key role in the acquisition and adaptation of mo...

MBNL loss of function in smooth muscle as a model for myotonic dystrophy associated gastrointestinal dysmotility

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is the most common adult-onset muscular dystrophy and severely affects multiple organ systems, including the brain, heart, skeletal muscle, and gastrointestinal (GI) tr...

The inferred functional connectome underlying circadian synchronization in the mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus

Circadian rhythms in mammals arise from the spatiotemporal synchronization of ~20,000 neuronal clocks in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Although anatomical, molecular, and genetic approaches have...

Correction for Jang et al., Lipid raft proteomics identify endothelial myosin-9 (MYH9) as a regulator of low-density lipoprotein transcytosis and atherosclerosis

We need transparency standards for social media research that involves companies

CDCA7 facilitates MET1-mediated CG DNA methylation maintenance in centromeric heterochromatin via linker histone H1

DNA methylation is a conserved epigenetic modification essential for maintaining genome stability. However, how methyltransferases maintain CG methylation within compact chromatin, including centromer...

Endogenous forms of ATP–ATP ⁴⁻ and MgATP ²⁻ —orchestrate distinct pathophysiological signaling via biased activation of P2X3 receptors

P2X receptors, a family of ATP-activated ion channels, encompass subtypes P2X1–7, which are expressed in both homo- and heterotrimeric forms across various tissues. These receptors play crucial roles...

Correction for Lee, The effects of social media criticism against public health institutions on trust, emotions, and social media engagement

Distinct neural dynamics in the ventral hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex during social information processing

Social information processing involves coordinated neural activity across distributed brain circuits, with the ventral hippocampus (vHPC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) playing pivotal roles. How...

Potentiation of ryanodine receptor–mediated calcium release by MAPK is responsible for epidermal transformation and carcinogenesis

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) induces anchorage-independent growth in promotion-sensitive (P + ) mouse epidermal cell model JB6 primarily through activation of...

Coexistence of trapped and flow-transported nuclei enables fast pigeon post communication across multinucleated cell

Multi-nucleated cells exist in all domains of life, ranging from animals, plants, and fungi to single-celled organisms such as the slime mold Physarum polycephalum...

Contrastive independent component analysis for salient patterns and dimensionality reduction

In recent years, there has been growing interest in jointly analyzing a foreground dataset, representing an experimental group, and a background dataset, representing a control group. The goal of such...