Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Articles in this Issue
Mechanical compression induces neuronal apoptosis, reduces synaptic activity, and promotes glial neuroinflammation in mice and humans
Mass effect, characterized by the compression and deformation of neural tissue from space-occupying lesions, can lead to debilitating neurological symptoms and poses a significant clinical challenge....
CHAMP1 complex promotes heterochromatin assembly and reduces replication stress
Replication stress (RS) is a major driver of genomic instability and a hallmark of cancer cells. Although dynamic heterochromatin remodeling has been implicated in RS response, the precise mechanisms...
Dysregulation of a nucleotidyltransferase induces division and surface glycan defects in <i>Escherichia coli</i> by altering related metabolite levels
The cell surface of gram-negative Escherichia coli is rich in glycoconjugates, including O-antigen (O-Ag) and enterobacterial common antigen polysaccharides, wh...
Structured electrolytes facilitate Grotthuss-type transport for enhanced proton-coupled electron transfer reactions
Concentrated hydrogen-bonded electrolytes (CoHBEs) are structured, electrochemically stable, less-volatile alternatives to aqueous and dilute nonaqueous electrolytes, however, with high viscosities th...
Interplanetary magnetic correlation and low-frequency spectrum over many solar rotations
Fluctuations and structure across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales are frequently studied in the solar wind. The properties of the low-frequency fluctuations are of relevance to turbulent e...
Metabolomic profiling reveals the potential of fatty acids as regulators of exhausted CD8 T cells during chronic viral infection
Chronic infections induce CD8 T cell exhaustion, marked by impaired effector function. While intrinsic drivers are well studied, the role of the surrounding metabolic environment in shaping exhausted...
Social networks and international migration in Honduran villages
Social relationships are central to shaping international migration patterns, yet the link between widescale network structure and mobility decisions remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate tw...
Differential roles of type I topoisomerases in regulating HPV pathogenesis
High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) activate the Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated and Ataxia Telangiectasia and Rad3-Related pathways by inducing DNA breaks through the action of viral oncoproteins E...
Design of solubly expressed miniaturized SMART MHCs
The precise recognition of specific peptide–major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) complexes by T cell receptors (TCRs) plays a key role in infectious disease, cancer, and autoimmunity. A critical st...
Peripheral nerve injury reduces macrophage efferocytosis to facilitate neuropathic pain
For reasons not fully understood, proresolving immune processes sometimes fail to engage after peripheral nerve injury (PNI), leading to enhanced neuropathic pain and inflammation. Here, we implicate...
Identifying direct risk factors in UK Biobank via simultaneous Bayesian-frequentist model-averaged hypothesis testing using Doublethink
Big data approaches to discovering nongenetic risk factors have lagged behind genome-wide association studies that routinely uncover novel genetic risk factors for diverse diseases. Instead, epidemiol...
E2 variants for probing E3 ubiquitin ligase activities
E3 ligases partner with E2 enzymes to regulate vast eukaryotic biology. The hierarchical nature of these pairings, with >600 E3s and ~40 E2s in humans, necessitates that E2s cofunction with numerou...
Sticky interactions govern sequence-dependent dynamics in biomolecular condensates
Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) play a central role in shaping the dynamics and material properties of biomolecular condensates. Understanding how sequence features determine these properties...
A MAPK cascade regulates nuclear migration during female gametogenesis to establish specific cell identity and rice female fertility
During the development of the rice female gametophyte (FG, embryo sac), there exists a free-nuclear stage wherein eight nuclei, originating from the same mother cell nucleus, respectively migrate to s...
Distinct macronutrient ratios optimize offspring survival, growth, and maternal glucose tolerance across mouse reproduction
Pregnancy and lactation are reproductive periods that require major energy and nutrient investment by the mother. Dietary perturbations over reproduction can impair offspring development and increase...
Memory B cell development in response to mRNA SARS-CoV-2 and nanoparticle immunization in mice
Nanoparticle immunogens excel at rapidly inducing high levels of circulating antibodies and are being deployed as part of several novel vaccines. However, their ability to elicit memory B cell respons...
Self-adaptive dislocation morphing ductilizes a refractory high-entropy alloy across an ultrawide temperature spectrum
Metals usually fracture catastrophically at cryogenic temperatures and soften rapidly at high temperatures. This dilemma arises from the incompatibility of strengthening mechanisms across vast tempera...
Gene duplication, horizontal gene transfer, and trait trade-offs drive evolution of postfire resource acquisition in pyrophilous fungi
Wildfires significantly alter soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), reducing microbial richness and biomass, while selecting for “fire-loving” pyrophilous microbes that drive postfire nutrient cycling. Ho...
Data-driven superresolution imaging in disordered media
We propose a methodology that exploits large and diverse datasets to accurately estimate the ambient medium’s Green’s functions in strongly scattering media. Given these estimates, excellent imaging r...
Susceptible host dynamics explain pathogen resilience to perturbations
Interventions to slow the spread of SARS-CoV-2 significantly disrupted the transmission of other pathogens. As interventions lifted, whether and when human pathogens would eventually return to their p...
Striatal cholinergic interneurons exhibit compartment-specific anatomical and functional organization in the mouse
Striatal output is dynamically modulated by cholinergic interneurons (CINs), the primary source of acetylcholine in the striatum. CINs have been classically viewed as a random and homogeneous populati...
A neutralizing APOA5 monoclonal antibody reduces amounts of lipoprotein lipase in capillaries and triggers hypertriglyceridemia
Apolipoprotein AV (APOA5) regulates intravascular triglyceride metabolism by binding to the angiopoietin-like protein 3/8 complex (ANGPTL3/8) and suppressing its ability to unfold the native conformat...
ZENN: A thermodynamics-inspired computational framework for heterogeneous data–driven modeling
Traditional entropy-based methods—such as cross-entropy loss in classification problems—have long been essential tools for representing the information uncertainty and physical disorder in data and fo...
Vapor-mediated wetting and imbibition control on micropatterned surfaces
Wetting of micropatterned surfaces is ubiquitous in nature and key to many technological applications like spray cooling, inkjet printing, and semiconductor processing. Overcoming the intrinsic, chemi...