Self-adaptive dislocation morphing ductilizes a refractory high-entropy alloy across an ultrawide temperature spectrum

X Xichen Zhou (Department of Chemistry) Q Qianyong Zhu (Key Laboratory of High-temperature Structural Materials and Coating Technology (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University) H Hongliang Dong (Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research) X Xiao Liang (Department of Chemistry) Q Qihan Jia (Key Laboratory of High-temperature Structural Materials and Coating Technology (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University) C Cheng Zhang J Jian He (Department of Chemistry) W Wenting He (Key Laboratory of High-temperature Structural Materials and Coating Technology (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University) Y Yuye Wu (Key Laboratory of High-temperature Structural Materials and Coating Technology (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University) Y Yi Ru (Key Laboratory of High-temperature Structural Materials and Coating Technology (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University) B Bin Chen R Robert O. Ritchie H Hongbo Guo (Key Laboratory of High-temperature Structural Materials and Coating Technology (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University) S Shiteng Zhao (Key Laboratory of High-temperature Structural Materials and Coating Technology (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University)

Abstract

Metals usually fracture catastrophically at cryogenic temperatures and soften rapidly at high temperatures. This dilemma arises from the incompatibility of strengthening mechanisms across vast temperature regimes. Here, this work unveils a self-adaptive dislocation morphing mechanism in a model NbTaTi-based refractory high-entropy alloy (RHEA) that enables exceptional strength and ductility from 4 K to 1673 K. At cryogenic temperatures, dislocation kinking coupled with deformation twinning suppresses the ductile-to-brittle transition. At ambient conditions, the sequential activation of edge and screw dislocations sustains work hardening. At elevated temperatures, enhanced dislocation interactions generate jogs, multijunctions, and helical dislocations, promoting superplasticity up to 250%. This intrinsic, temperature-responsive evolution of dislocation modes offers a defect engineering strategy for designing RHEAs capable of enduring extreme environments.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 123, Issue 1
Published January 06, 2026
ISSN 0027-8424
Publisher National Academy of Sciences

Authors (14)

X

Xichen Zhou

Department of Chemistry

Q

Qianyong Zhu

Key Laboratory of High-temperature Structural Materials and Coating Technology (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University

H

Hongliang Dong

Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research

X

Xiao Liang

Department of Chemistry

Q

Qihan Jia

Key Laboratory of High-temperature Structural Materials and Coating Technology (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University

C

Cheng Zhang

J

Jian He

Department of Chemistry

W

Wenting He

Key Laboratory of High-temperature Structural Materials and Coating Technology (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University

Y

Yuye Wu

Key Laboratory of High-temperature Structural Materials and Coating Technology (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University

Y

Yi Ru

Key Laboratory of High-temperature Structural Materials and Coating Technology (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University

B

Bin Chen

R

Robert O. Ritchie

H

Hongbo Guo

Key Laboratory of High-temperature Structural Materials and Coating Technology (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University

S

Shiteng Zhao

Key Laboratory of High-temperature Structural Materials and Coating Technology (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University