Cryo-EM structures of Měnglà virus GP reveal combined Ebola- and Marburg-like epitope masking strategies for antibody evasion

L Longyu Wang (Guangzhou Medical University-Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Disease, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University) B Binqian Zou B Banghui Liu (State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health) Y Yong Ma (State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences) L Lu Xue G Gul Habib (State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences) X Xinglou Yang (Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Zoonotic Viruses, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Information, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences) X Xinwen Chen J Jiantao Chen (State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University) J Jincun Zhao (Guangzhou National Laboratory) Y Ying Zhang Z Zifeng Yang (Guangzhou National Laboratory) J Jun He X Xiaoli Xiong

Abstract

Ebola virus (EBOV) and Marburg virus (MARV) are highly lethal filoviruses that cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans. A recently identified bat-borne filovirus, Měnglà virus (MLAV), uses the same NPC1 receptor as EBOV and MARV, raising concerns about its potential cross-species transmission. Here, we report cryo-EM structures of the MLAV surface glycoprotein (GP) in its unbound form and in complex with the MARV-neutralizing antibody MR191. MLAV GP exhibits distinctive structural features in the Wing and heptad repeat 1D (HR1D) regions, retains a visible Cap structure even after protease treatment, and contains a MARV GP-like α2 helix. MR191, a broadly neutralizing marburgvirus antibody that targets the conserved NPC1 receptor-binding pocket in MLAV GP, nonetheless exhibits impaired neutralizing activity, likely due to shielding by the MLAV Cap. In addition, the MLAV mucin-like domain, α2 helix, and HR1A region hinder binding by representative broadly neutralizing ebolavirus antibodies targeting the GP-waist, including 6D6, CA45, ADI-15878, and ADI-15946. Together, these results provide the first structural insights into MLAV GP and identify immune evasion driven by structural and sequence divergence as a major challenge for pan-filovirus antibody development.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 123, Issue 23
Published June 09, 2026
ISSN 0027-8424
Publisher National Academy of Sciences

Authors (14)

L

Longyu Wang

Guangzhou Medical University-Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Disease, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University

B

Binqian Zou

B

Banghui Liu

State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health

Y

Yong Ma

State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences

L

Lu Xue

G

Gul Habib

State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences

X

Xinglou Yang

Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Zoonotic Viruses, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Information, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

X

Xinwen Chen

J

Jiantao Chen

State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University

J

Jincun Zhao

Guangzhou National Laboratory

Y

Ying Zhang

Z

Zifeng Yang

Guangzhou National Laboratory

J

Jun He

X

Xiaoli Xiong