Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Articles in this Issue
Structural basis of the catalytic and allosteric mechanism of bacterial acetyltransferase PatZ
GCN5-related N -acetyltransferases (GNATs) are essential for regulating bacterial metabolism by acetylating specific target proteins. Despite their importance i...
Transglutaminase 2–mediated glutamine deamidation enhances p21 stability during senescence
The limited doubling capacity of human cells, known as replicative senescence or cellular senescence, is a major factor in cellular aging. This process is triggered by telomere erosion, which activate...
Spatiotemporal regulation of target mRNA cleavage by 21-nt phasiRNAs in maize anthers
21-nt phasiRNAs are abundantly expressed in anthers and play crucial roles in anther development and male reproduction in grasses. In maize, the target genes that 21-nt phasiRNAs regulate remain large...
The great phage escape: Activating and escaping lactococcal antiphage systems
In recent years, the number of newly discovered systems that bacteria use to combat bacteriophages is increasing at an impressive rate. To obtain mechanistic insights into several antiphage systems id...
Parental mixed-gender preferences revealed by IVF twin births
In vitro fertilization (IVF) affects human fertility by 1) increasing the probability of multiple births through the transfer of multiple embryos, 2) raising the proportion of dizygotic twins, which l...
Oscillatory redox behavior in oxides: Cyclic surface reconstruction and reactivity modulation via the Mars–van Krevelen mechanism
The breaking of translational symmetry at oxide surfaces gives rise to coordinatively unsaturated cations/anions and surface restructuring—key factors that govern surface reactivity. Using direct in s...
Metallicity and anomalous Hall effect in epitaxially strained, atomically thin RuO <sub>2</sub> films
The anomalous Hall effect (AHE), a hallmark of time-reversal symmetry breaking, has been reported in rutile RuO 2 , a debated metallic altermagnetic candidate....
Ligand-specific regulation of a binary enhancer code dictating cellular senescence
Cellular senescence, a major contributor to aging and age-related pathologies, is characterized by irreversible proliferative arrest and a disease-linked, proinflammatory profile known as the Senescen...
Bias-aware training and evaluation of link prediction algorithms in network biology
For biomedical applications, new link prediction algorithms are continuously being developed. These algorithms are typically evaluated computationally, using test sets generated by sampling the edges...
N6-methyladenosine modification of HCMV IE1 transcript promotes the repressive state of viral genome to achieve latent infection
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a prevalent pathogen that chronically infects the majority of human population. Among the many features that allow such widespread HCMV infection, one is its ability to...
Feedback regulation between histone lactylation and ALKBH3-mediated glycolysis regulates age-related macular degeneration pathology
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness among the elderly. It is characterized by degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which can develop into choroidal...
A synthetic jasmonate receptor agonist uncouples the growth–defense trade-off in rice
Herbivore attack elicits jasmonate (JA) signaling which in turn elicits both anti-herbivore plant defenses and growth inhibitions. The resulting growth–defense trade-offs constrain the utility of JA-b...
Abundant piRNA production mediated by the <i>Drosophila</i> GTSF1 homolog Tpp ensures Aubergine localization and germ plasm assembly
Germ cells transmit genetic information to offspring and maintain the genome of the species. In many animals including Drosophila , germ cell formation relies o...
Observation-based estimate of Earth’s effective radiative forcing
Human emissions continue to influence Earth’s climate. Effective radiative forcing quantifies the effect of such anthropogenic emissions together with natural factors on Earth’s energy balance. Evalua...
An N-terminal domain specifies developmental control by the SMAX1-LIKE family of transcriptional regulators in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>
SMAX1-LIKE (SMXL) proteins in plants are cellular signaling hubs, many of which are posttranslationally regulated by karrikins from smoke, the plant hormones strigolactones (SLs), and/or cues such as...
Systemic in utero gene editing as a treatment for cystic fibrosis
In utero gene editing has the potential to modify disease-causing genes in multiple developing tissues before birth, possibly allowing for normal organ development, disease improvement, and conceivabl...
Electrical spinal cord stimulation promotes focal sensorimotor activation that accelerates brain–computer interface skill learning
Injuries affecting the central nervous system may disrupt neural pathways to muscles causing motor deficits. Yet the brain exhibits sensorimotor rhythms (SMRs) during movement intents, and brain–compu...
A physical model links structure and function in the plant immune system
Effector-Triggered Immunity (ETI) is an important part of the plant immune system, allowing plants to sense and respond to harmful pathogen proteins known as “effectors.” Effectors can be sensed direc...
Equilibrium-gated pattern formation: How molecular dissociation thermodynamics drive emergent behavior in dissipative polymeric systems
Emergent patterns in biological systems arise through dissipative processes that balance reaction and transport phenomena, producing highly functional properties from self-regulating mechanisms. Synth...
Repurposing a drug to punish carbapenem-resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>
The OXA β-lactamases in Acinetobacter baumannii represent a primary mechanism for resistance to the carbapenems, a class of antibiotics that represent a last li...
CRISPR screens and quantitative proteomics reveal remodeling of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor–driven proteome through PARP7 activity
PARP7 is an enzyme that uses donor substrate NAD + to attach a single ADP-ribose moiety onto proteins related to immunity, transcription, and cell growth and mo...
Measuring premature and cumulative family member bereavement: Racial disparities and later mortality risk
Though racial disparities in shortened life expectancy have been well established, racial disparities in the burden of bereavement after such premature deaths are severely understudied. This is, in pa...
Development of an in situ CAR-T cell protocol through optical and PSMA-targeted PET imaging
In situ T cell transfection methods overcome the complexity and high costs associated with conventional chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T therapy. However, the in situ CAR-T cell approach operates wit...
Neuronal ALKAL2 and its ALK receptor contribute to the development of colitis-associated colorectal cancer
Tumor-infiltrating nerves play a critical role in cancer progression and treatment resistance. Our recent work identified ALKAL2, a ligand for the Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) receptor, as a key m...
Longitudinal trajectories of brain development from infancy to school age and their relationship with literacy development
Reading is one of the most complex skills that we utilize daily, and it involves the early development and interaction of various lower-level subskills, including phonological processing and oral lang...