Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Articles in this Issue
Co-opted SUMO machinery promotes condensate formation associated with membranous replication organelles of a positive-strand RNA virus
Positive-strand RNA viruses are important pathogens of humans and plants. These viruses built viral replication organelles (VROs) with the help of co-opted host proteins and intracellular membranes to...
Editorial Expression of Concern for Poon et al., Targeting the muscarinic M1 receptor with a selective, brain-penetrant antagonist to promote remyelination in multiple sclerosis
Structural insights into the activation and inhibition of the ADAM17–iRhom2 complex
The endopeptidase activity of ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase)-17, the primary processor of several EGFR ligands and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), is essential for proper embryonic de...
A synchrotron-like pumped ring resonator for water waves
The wave-like behavior of matter in quantum physics has spurred insightful analogies between the dynamics of particles and waves in classical systems. In this study, drawing inspiration from synchrotr...
Human–AI collectives most accurately diagnose clinical vignettes
AI systems, particularly large language models (LLMs), are increasingly being employed in high-stakes decisions that impact both individuals and society at large, often without adequate safeguards to...
Revealing unseen dynamical regimes of ecosystems from population time-series data
Many dynamical systems can exist in alternative regimes for which small changes in an environmental driver can cause sudden jumps between regimes. In ecology, predicting the regime of population fluct...
Reflection and refraction of directrons at the interface
Reflection and refraction are ubiquitous phenomena with extensive applications, yet minimizing energy loss and information distortion during these processes remains a significant challenge. This study...
The bunkbed conjecture is false
We give an explicit counterexample to the bunkbed conjecture introduced by Kasteleyn in 1985. The counterexample is given by a planar graph on 7,222 vertices and is built on the recent work of Hollom...
Targeting ryanodine receptors with allopurinol and xanthine derivatives for the treatment of cardiac and musculoskeletal weakness disorders
Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are intracellular Ca 2+ channels essential for muscle contraction. Caffeine, a xanthine derivative, has been known for decades to inc...
Transgenerational epigenetic effect of kings’ aging on offspring’s caste fate mediated by sperm DNA methylation in termites
The discovery of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance and the unraveling of its molecular mechanisms are currently solving previously puzzling challenges that Mendelian genetics based solely on DN...
Bruch’s membrane heparan sulfate retains lipoproteins in the early stages of age-related macular degeneration
Lipoprotein retention in Bruch’s membrane is a key event in the pathobiology of early and intermediate age-related macular degeneration (AMD). However, the mechanism of lipoprotein retention in BrM is...
A unifying principle for multispecies coexistence under resource fluctuations
Resource fluctuations are ubiquitous in nature and yet are generally assumed to play a limited role in the maintenance of biodiversity. We challenge this assumption by analyzing resource competition d...
RACK1 promotes the development and function of alveolar macrophages through directly binding to and stabilizing PPARγ
Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are indispensable to prevent pulmonary alveolar proteinosis and clear inhaled pathogens. Receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) is a versatile adaptor protein that regula...
The dependence of the amino acid backbone conformation on the translated synonymous codon is not statistically significant
The correlation between synonymous codon usage and secondary structure in translated proteins has been widely demonstrated. This usage plays a capital role in tuning translational rates and protein fo...
Enzymatic carbon–fluorine bond cleavage by human gut microbes
Fluorinated compounds are used for agrochemical, pharmaceutical, and numerous industrial applications, resulting in global contamination. In many molecules, fluorine is incorporated to enhance the hal...
Nutrient storage links past thermal exposure to current performance in phytoplankton
The growth of populations and organisms often depends on their previous history of environmental exposure: a phenomenon referred to as “phenotypic memory.” The field of ecology presently lacks a mecha...
Take caution in using LLMs as human surrogates
Recent studies suggest large language models (LLMs) can generate human-like responses, aligning with human behavior in economic experiments, surveys, and political discourse. This has led many to prop...
Structural basis of the hepatitis B virus X protein in complex with DDB1
A cure for chronic hepatitis B requires eliminating or permanently silencing covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA). A pivotal target of this approach is the hepatitis B virus (HBV) X protein (HBx),...
Synergistic hydrogen embrittlement in high-strength steels
Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) remains a critical scientific challenge in building reliable infrastructure for a carbon-free hydrogen economy. Predictive models for hydrogen-induced material failure are...
Antlers on does: An unexpected role of macrophages in deer biology
Antlers, a male deer secondary sex characteristic, are unique mammalian appendages that fully regenerate annually, under androgen regulation. Stem cells located in the antlerogenic periosteum (AP), a...
Unraveling the role of rat and flea population dynamics on the seasonality of plague epidemics in Madagascar
Plague continues to pose a public health problem in multiple regions of the world, including Madagascar, where it is characterized by a pronounced seasonal pattern. The drivers of plague seasonality r...
CDADC1 is a vertebrate-specific dCTP deaminase that metabolizes gemcitabine and decitabine to prevent cellular toxicity
Cancer therapy is limited by resistance to standard-of-care chemotherapeutic and/or by treatment-associated toxicity. Identifying molecular mechanisms that modulate cellular toxicity is crucial for en...
Why grain growth is not curvature flow
Grain growth in polycrystals is traditionally considered a capillarity-driven process, where grain boundaries (GBs) migrate toward their centers of curvature (i.e., mean curvature flow) with a velocit...
LDL receptor–mediated endocytosis of <i>Escherichia coli</i> α-hemolysin mediates renal epithelial toxicity
The α-hemolysin (HlyA) of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is a pore-forming toxin (PFT) that is thought to function by disrupting the host cell plasma mem...
Cryptic isoprene emission of soybeans
Isoprene is the most abundant nonmethane biogenic hydrocarbon emitted by some plants, mostly trees. It plays critical roles in atmospheric chemistry by contributing to ozone and aerosol formation. Iso...