Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Articles in this Issue
Mobile species’ responses to surrounding land use generate trade-offs and synergies among nature’s contributions to people
Agricultural landscapes provide material, nonmaterial, and regulating contributions that affect human well-being (nature’s contributions to people, NCP). The responses of these NCP to land-use pattern...
Reply to Uzoigwe: DLW is safe and validated
The temporal dynamics of self-control
Self-control—the ability to pursue long-term goals over short-term temptations—is a critical faculty of human cognition, but the cognitive processes enabling self-control are not well understood. Trad...
Predicted molecules followed by experimental validation for protecting human neurons from oxidative stress–induced cytotoxicity
Alzheimer neurodegenerative disease (AD) has had a major impact worldwide, with no effective drugs for treatment. We discovered and reported earlier that neurotrophic factor-α1 (NF-α1)/carboxypeptidas...
Mechanism of controlled radical initiation in radical SAM GTP 3’,8-cyclase
Metalloenzymes couple substrate binding and formation of oxidative intermediates to minimize unwanted side reactions. However, the molecular details of such coupling frequently remain ambiguous. Radic...
Stimuli-responsive STING nanovaccine for systemic therapy of HPV-induced cancers
In recent years, therapeutic cancer vaccines have been extensively investigated, aiming to boost cancer-specific T cells crucial for antitumor activity. The effectiveness of these vaccines is often li...
Choosing structure over complexity: POMDPs for emerging diseases and invasive species
Glycolipid nanoparticles target the spleen and detarget the liver without charge
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) formulated with a neutral helper lipid can deliver RNA to the liver in humans. However, clinically relevant delivery to other tissues has remained challenging. To avoid the...
Sticking around: σ factor dynamics and implications for transcription elongation
Glycosylated cannabinoids meet computational enzyme design
Parental investment and body temperature explain encephalization in vertebrates
The systematic variation in relative brain size among vertebrate classes remains poorly understood. Here, based on the expensive brain hypothesis, we propose that two broad constraints explain much of...
Beyond reweighting: On the predictive role of covariate shift in effect generalization
Many existing approaches to generalizing statistical inference amid distribution shift operate under the covariate shift assumption, which posits that the conditional distribution of unobserved variab...
Reprogramming tumor microenvironment via systemic delivery of TLR3 agonist and manganese nanoparticle
Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, as potent immunostimulatory adjuvants, play a critical role in linking the innate and adaptive immune responses. However, their antitumor effects as cancer immunothe...
Local control of T cell fate in lymph nodes safely and durably reverses myelin-driven autoimmunity
Development of tolerogenic, antigen-specific immunotherapies could overcome limitations of existing treatments for inflammatory autoimmune diseases by achieving potent, durable remission without impac...
cGAS-agonistic spherical nucleic acids reprogram the glioblastoma immune microenvironment and promote antitumor immunity
The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-Stimulator of Interferon Genes (cGAS–STING) pathway is an important DNA-sensing mechanism that increases T cell trafficking and activation in tumors and reverses the immuno...
Underestimated input of terrestrial dissolved organic carbon to the ocean
The contribution of terrestrial dissolved organic matter (DOM) to the ocean has been an enigma for decades. Tracking terrestrial DOM in the ocean has proven challenging due to factors such as the inst...
Conformational regulation of two essential activators of bacterial cell elongation
The peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall is critical for bacterial growth and survival and is a primary antibiotic target. MreD is an essential accessory factor of the Rod complex, which carries out PG synthe...
Doubting doubly labeled water
Changing minds epigenetically: Germline genes in neurons disrupt animal behavior
Modulating antigen processing through metal–organic frameworks to bias adaptive immunity
Vaccines induce specific immunity through antigen uptake and processing. However, while nanoparticle vaccines have elevated uptake, the impact of intracellular protein release and how this affects pro...
Scaffold vaccination for prevention of orthopedic device infection
Staphylococcus aureus is the leading cause of global bacterial mortality. While S. aureus can cause a variety of diseases, orthopedic device...
Impact of biomanufacturing protein fibers on achieving sustainable development
Biomanufactured fibers produced through fermentation processes provide a promising pathway to decouple textile production from agricultural land. This would free up arable land for food cultivation an...
Chemokine/cytokine-releasing biomaterials induce in situ tertiary lymphoid–like structures and enhance antitumor immunity
Despite the growing recognition of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) as valuable prognostic markers in certain cancer types, detailed studies on their development and therapeutic function remain lim...
Drug-loaded bispecific T cell nanoengager overcomes T cell exhaustion for potent cancer immunotherapy
Bispecific T cell engager (BiTE) therapeutics that link T cells and tumor cells to induce tumor cell lysis have demonstrated great success in the clinic for the treatment of many cancers. However, T c...
Switching the strict substrate specificities of the β-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthases, FabH and BioZ
The β-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) synthases are pivotal elongation enzymes that catalyze the condensation of acyl-CoA or acyl-ACP with malonyl-ACP to produce β-ketoacyl-ACP. Among these, the h...