Local control of T cell fate in lymph nodes safely and durably reverses myelin-driven autoimmunity

S Senta M. Kapnick (Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland) E Emily A. Gosselin (Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland) S Shannon J. Tsai (Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland) R Robert S. Oakes (Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland) Z Zahra A. Habibabady (Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital) M Marian A. Ackun-Farmmer (Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland) S Sean T. Carey (Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland) S Shrey A. Shah (Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland) R Ruochen Shen (Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland) E Eugene Froimchuk (Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland) H Haleigh B. Eppler (Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland) C Christopher J. Bridgeman (Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland) A Alexis A. Yanes (Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland) R Ryan A. McIlvaine (Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland) M Maeesha Noshin (Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland) L Lisa H. Tostanoski (Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland) S Sheneil K. Black (Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland) X Xiangbin Zeng (Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland) A Agnes Azimzadeh (Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital) R Richard N. Pierson (Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital) J Jonathan S. Bromberg (Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine) C Christopher M. Jewell (Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland)

Abstract

Development of tolerogenic, antigen-specific immunotherapies could overcome limitations of existing treatments for inflammatory autoimmune diseases by achieving potent, durable remission without impacting healthy immune surveillance. Here, we deliver diffusion-limited polymer depots to lymph nodes to locally guide T cell fates for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune disease that occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks myelin. In preclinical MS models, depots loaded with myelin self-antigen and tolerizing cues mediate localized retention of activated CD4 T cells, promote myelin-specific regulatory T cells, and reshape inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS) to eliminate lesions. Selective disease reversal is achieved with a single treatment that induces long-lasting remission without hindering healthy responses to vaccine challenge with foreign antigen. Furthermore, depots offer favorable chemistry and manufacturing control features and are well tolerated in non-human primates. This work supports a clinically feasible concept for inducing safe, effective, antigen-specific tolerance without systemic or repeated dosing.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 122, Issue 45
Published November 11, 2025
ISSN 0027-8424
Publisher National Academy of Sciences

Authors (22)

S

Senta M. Kapnick

Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland

E

Emily A. Gosselin

Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland

S

Shannon J. Tsai

Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland

R

Robert S. Oakes

Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland

Z

Zahra A. Habibabady

Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital

M

Marian A. Ackun-Farmmer

Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland

S

Sean T. Carey

Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland

S

Shrey A. Shah

Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland

R

Ruochen Shen

Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland

E

Eugene Froimchuk

Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland

H

Haleigh B. Eppler

Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland

C

Christopher J. Bridgeman

Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland

A

Alexis A. Yanes

Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland

R

Ryan A. McIlvaine

Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland

M

Maeesha Noshin

Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland

L

Lisa H. Tostanoski

Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland

S

Sheneil K. Black

Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland

X

Xiangbin Zeng

Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland

A

Agnes Azimzadeh

Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital

R

Richard N. Pierson

Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital

J

Jonathan S. Bromberg

Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine

C

Christopher M. Jewell

Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland