Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Articles in this Issue
Unprecedented Amazonian rainforests damage during the 2023–2024 droughts
Between 2023 and 2024, Amazonian rainforests experienced two consecutive, record-breaking droughts—each more intense than any previously observed—yet their impacts remain largely unquantified. Using n...
Recurrent SARS-CoV-2 Omicron broadly neutralizing humanized antibodies in different single human V <sub>H</sub> 1-2-rearranging mouse models
During V(D)J recombination, antibody diversity is enhanced by nontemplated junctional modifications that generate immensely diverse heavy chain (HC) and light chain (LC) complementarity-determining 3...
General and selective nickel-electrocatalyzed cross-electrophile C*( <i>sp</i> <sup>2</sup> )–C( <i>sp</i> <sup>2</sup> ) coupling
Transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling of two similar electrophiles (XEC) to construct C( sp 2 )–C( sp...
A high-coverage Neandertal genome from the Altai Mountains reveals population structure among Neandertals
We present a genome sequenced to ~37-fold genomic coverage from an approximately 110,000-y-old male Neandertal from Denisova Cave in the Altai Mountains and analyze it together with previously publish...
Archaeogenetic insights into the demographic history of Late Neanderthals
The demographic history of Neanderthals is only partially understood. In Europe, some degree of genetic continuity has been shown from 120 thousand years ago (ka) onward despite the occurrence of mult...
How the 2025 NIH grant terminations varied by researchers’ demographic groups
In early 2025, the NIH unexpectedly terminated 2,291 active research grants, withdrawing $2.45 billion and disrupting thousands of projects. While the economic magnitude of these cuts is known, less i...
Cross-cultural evidence that shame is a defense against reputational damage
Because shame leads to evasions, aggression, and other behaviors that victims and third parties find undesirable, a prominent theory regards this emotion as maladaptive. By contrast, an alternative, a...
Rethinking same-sex sexual behavior: From sensory error to social function
Identifying a cancer therapeutic target: Cell-SELEX identifies a membrane protein for aptamer-mediated growth suppression
The identification of functional ligand-membrane protein interactions under native conditions remains a major challenge in cancer biology. Using cell-systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enr...
Mineral-facilitated aqueous synthesis of hydrogen cyanide from prebiotically abundant amino acids for chemical evolution
Recent advances in prebiotic chemistry suggest that hydrogen cyanide (HCN) serves as a fundamental precursor for nearly all essential biomolecules and protometabolic processes for life’s emergence. Al...
Convergent evolution increases boron transport through SNPs and tandem duplications at <i>BOR1</i> and <i>BOR2</i> in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>
Boron (B) is a crucial micronutrient, particularly in volcanic soils where its deficiency hampers agriculture. Here, we investigate the genetic basis of leaf B accumulation in natural populations of...
KLF2 overrides the resident memory CD8 T cell differentiation program, in opposition to KLF3
Numerous transcriptional regulators have been associated with the differentiation pathways that lead to recirculating vs. tissue-resident memory T cells. However, it is unclear whether independent, co...
Correction for Sun et al., The Japanese Archipelago sheltered cave lions, not tigers, during the Late Pleistocene
Unveiling the developmental and tumor-suppressive roles of the p53 variant p53psi
Through alternative splicing, the TP53 gene can generate multiple protein isoforms with distinct biochemical properties. The p53psi isoform has been identified as a shorter variant than full-length p5...
Oseltamivir aziridines are potent influenza neuraminidase inhibitors and imaging agents
Influenza neuraminidase (NA) is a critical target for seasonal and pandemic antivirals, including the strains of current concern. Current treatments, such as Zanamivir and Oseltamivir, are limited by...
Amplifying toughness in silica-reinforced natural rubber by preserving long chains
Natural rubber outperforms synthetic rubbers because of its long chains and strain-induced crystallization (SIC). However, these advantages are largely lost when the natural rubber chains are masticat...
Status of the sunken nuclear submarine Komsomolets in the Norwegian Sea
The study documents in detail the extent of damage to the exterior of the sunken nuclear submarine Komsomolets and that previous remedial action carried out by Russia was still in place. No evidence w...
CD47 stabilizes ROBO2 to regulate glioblastoma progression by preventing ITCH-mediated ubiquitination
CD47 is an innate immune checkpoint that inhibits phagocytosis by myeloid cells, contributing to immune evasion by cancer cells. CD47-blocking antibodies have limited efficacy in glioblastoma (GBM), a...
Using wavelet decomposition to determine the dimension of structures from projected images
Mesoscale structures in turbulent media can often be described as fractional dimensional across a wide range of scales. The goal of this paper is to determine the structure’s dimension from a projecte...
Correction for Te et al., Broad beta-CoV immunity and transmission blockade by a single-dose live-attenuated vaccine with atypical codon usage
Gender gaps in reading increase during unplanned and planned school closures
Why do girls outperform boys in education? One contributing factor might be that girls read more than boys, which fosters competencies relevant in education. Moreover, boys might rely more heavily on...
Spinning carbon and sinking phosphorus: Misaligned cycles in the sea
Correction for Li et al., Functionally heterogeneous intratumoral CD4 <sup>+</sup> CD8 <sup>+</sup> double-positive T cells can give rise to single-positive T cells
Inhibition of coronaviral exoribonuclease activity by TRIM-mediated SUMOylation
Members of the TRIM E3 ligase family are effectors of the host innate or intrinsic defense against various viruses; however, how specific TRIM proteins antagonize coronavirus infection is still largel...