Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Articles in this Issue
Satisfaction with democracy predicts democratic behaviors
The global decline in satisfaction with democracy, as measured in surveys, is sometimes used as evidence of democracy’s precarious health. However, existing evidence on the link between democratic att...
Training thermodynamic computers by gradient descent
We show how to adjust the parameters of a thermodynamic computer by gradient descent in order to perform a desired computation at a specified observation time. Within a digital simulation of a thermod...
Refugee labor market integration at scale: Evidence from Germany’s fast-track employment program
Governments face persistent challenges in integrating refugees into the local labor market, and many past interventions have shown limited impact. This study examines the Job-Turbo program, a large-sc...
R-loop disruption triggers irreversible topoisomerase 1–DNA cleavage complex formation during AID-dependent IgH gene diversification
Class switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation are essential mechanisms of effective antibody production, dependent on the enzyme activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID). Since AID lac...
Correction for Ganguly et al., The Nemp1–Nesprin complex mediates cellular responses to matrix mechanics
Structures of folding intermediates on BAM show diverse substrates fold by a conserved mechanism
The outer membranes of mitochondria, chloroplasts, and Gram-negative bacteria contain β-barrel membrane proteins that are assembled by conserved multisubunit machines. In bacteria, the β-barrel assemb...
Helper–exploiter polymorphism with ecological inheritance
Neuron-derived mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) activates microglia via the Z-DNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1)-mediated pathway in mild traumatic brain injury
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, with closed-head mild TBI (mTBI) accounting for nearly 90% of all cases. Early pathological events include microglial activa...
Functional role of small extrachromosomal circular DNA in colorectal cancer
Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) are molecules that originate from chromosomal DNA but exist independently. While large eccDNA (ecDNA) contributes to tumorigenesis, the role of smaller eccDNA (&...
Cultural tightness and social cohesion under coevolving beliefs, behaviors, and preferences
Successful collective action on issues from climate change to the maintenance of democracy depends on societal properties such as cultural tightness and social cohesion. How these properties evolve is...
Fitting coarse-grained models to macroscopic experimental data via automatic differentiation
Developing physics-based models for molecular simulation requires fitting many unknown parameters to diverse experimental datasets. Traditionally, this process is piecemeal and difficult to reproduce,...
The biased adenosine-rich content of the HIV-1 genome serves as a molecular signature that facilitates efficient packaging
The HIV-1 genome [genomic RNA (gRNA)] has an unusually biased nucleotide content and is rich in adenosines. Selective packaging of the gRNA is thought to be driven by specific binding of the nucleocap...
Correction for Wang et al., Oligomeric assembly of the gatekeeper InvE orchestrates hierarchical type III protein secretion in <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium
Free information disrupts even Bayesian crowds
A core tenet underpinning the conception of contemporary information networks, such as social media platforms, is that users should not be constrained in the amount of information they can freely and...
Hierarchical genotype networks and incipient ecological speciation in Qβ phage quasispecies
Understanding how viral mutant spectra organize and explore genotype space is essential for elucidating the mechanisms that drive molecular evolution. Here, we use deep-sequencing data of an amplicon...
Correction for Lim et al., Longitudinal transformation of mitochondrial metabolism during neurogenesis
Correction for Elsler et al., Global nutritional equity of fishmeal and aquaculture trade flows
Lone black holes promise fresh insights into the fates of massive stars
ClpP2 modulates ClpXP assembly to promote multiple pathogenic phenotypes in <i> <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> </i>
In the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( Pa ), ClpXP proteases...
Mining cancer genomes for copy number alterations identifies glycosylation enzymes as oncogenic drivers
Altered cell-surface glycans are established cancer biomarkers, yet no oncogenes have been identified within glycan biosynthesis machinery. This represents a critical gap, as defining a gene as a true...
Microheterogeneous singlet oxygen generation at air–water interfaces
Singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) is a short-lived, highly reactive oxidant driving natural element cycles, yet its spatial distr...
Clade C MERS-CoV camel strains vary in protease utilization during viral entry
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a lethal pathogen with pandemic potential. Clade A and B MERS-CoV viruses have caused outbreaks in the Middle East since 2012 when they initi...
Dynamic switching of cell–substrate contact sites allows gliding diatoms to modulate the curvature of their paths
The directed motility of unicellular organisms is critical for their survival and ecological success, yet the mechanisms that enable rigid-walled diatoms to dynamically reorient and alter the shape of...
Distinct laminar origins of sensory-evoked high-gamma and low-frequency ECoG signals revealed by optogenetics
Electrocorticography (ECoG) provides a high-spatiotemporal-resolution measure of cortical activity (cortical surface electrical potentials, CSEPs) in humans and animals. The CSEP high-gamma band (Hγ,...
Prokaryotic bias in surface ocean particles
While the ocean’s photosynthetic production of organic matter rivals that on land, a combination of heterotrophy and sinking prevents significant accumulation of particulate organic matter (POM) in op...