Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Articles in this Issue
Traveling-wave transcranial alternating current stimulation (twtACS) causally links neural timing to cognitive function
Cortical traveling waves (TWs) are brain oscillation patterns that support the transfer of neural information across distinct brain regions, with their direction shaping cognitive function. However, d...
Intramolecular bonding as a design strategy for robust intermolecular binding of oligomers
In this study, a combined multiscale-modeling and experimental framework is presented to elucidate design rules to optimize the binding thermodynamics and kinetics of sequence-defined oligomers. It is...
MCM8-9 helicase activity protects primordial germ cell development to prevent premature ovarian insufficiency
MCM8 and MCM9 form a hexameric helicase critical for homologous recombination (HR). While their variants are strongly associated with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), with many clustering within...
Single-cell multiomic and spatial landscape of the primate pineal gland reveals circadian and melatonin regulatory architecture
The mammalian pineal gland maintains normal circadian rhythms and homeostasis by secreting melatonin. However, the lack of a single-cell-resolved regulatory map limits our understanding of how these n...
Alternative vegetation states on the Loess Plateau and implications for large-scale afforestation success
Large-scale afforestation on the Loess Plateau, costing hundreds of billions of Chinese yuan, has increased vegetation cover but also depleted soil water, raising concerns about the long-term ecosyste...
Lactylated NAT10 contributes to elesclomol-triggered cuproptosis via the NAT10/ac4C-DLAT-mRNA/DLAT positive feedback loop in CRC
Cuproptosis represents a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer; however, its clinical application remains limited. We observed elevated copper levels and increased expression of DLAT, a key procup...
Social cognition and interpersonal violence
Why do some people resort to violence while others in similar circumstances do not? Drawing on 99 in-depth interviews with men from high-violence Chicago neighborhoods who participated in a community...
Early-life adversity shapes the relationship between growth and reproduction in free-ranging female rhesus macaques
Life history theory predicts that organisms allocate resources across physiological processes to maximize fitness. Under this framework, early-life adversity (ELA) which limits energetic capital could...
Subsurface soil inorganic carbon gains offset half of surface losses in China’s upland croplands over the last four decades
Soil inorganic carbon (SIC) constitutes half of the terrestrial carbon pool and exerts a profound influence on global carbon cycling and ecosystem multifunctionality. Contrary to the view of millennia...
Visualization of the interaction between sphingomyelin and cholesterol in lipid bilayer membranes
Biomembranes are complex two-dimensional liquids composed of hundreds of lipid species that interact in a myriad of ways. One such interaction, that between sphingomyelin (SM) and cholesterol in plasm...
Pde4 mediates MHCII expression in oligodendroglia
Chronic psychosocial stress is a major precipitant of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), yet the glial mechanisms that translate sustained stress into maladaptive myelin and immune changes remain unclea...
Microhomology-mediated tandem duplication is a conserved mechanism of genomic variation with implications for human disease
Tandem repeats are highly mutable genomic elements with significant functional consequences, yet the mechanisms underlying their evolutionary origin remain unclear. One proposed mechanism is microhomo...
Genomic ancestry predicts rapid responses to drought across spatiotemporal scales
How genetic diversity responds to environmental change across spatiotemporal scales remains poorly understood despite its importance for species persistence in changing landscapes. Agricultural weeds...
Synthetic control over proximity of metal and acid dual sites switches the selectivity of acetophenone hydrodeoxygenation
Though spatial arrangement between metal and acid has proven efficiency for enhancing catalytic performance, their precise regulation on controlling the product selectivity and revealing related catal...
Can privacy technologies replace cookies? Ad revenue in a field experiment
Digital advertising finances much of the open web, yet relies on tracking technologies that regulators increasingly seek to restrict. In response, industry has developed privacy-enhancing technologies...
Conserved regulatory core and lineage-specific diversification of light–temperature integration in plants
Plants rely on environmental information such as light and temperature to control growth and development. Integrating these cues improves developmental precision, yet it remains unclear how this capac...
A sugar chain–dependent two-component chemical defense in <i>Hedera helix</i> reveals substrate-driven β-glucosidase evolution in Apiales
Plants have evolved diverse chemical strategies to defend against herbivores and pathogens, yet the mechanisms underlying their origin and diversification remain unclear. Here, we identify a sugar cha...
Design of an ultrabright biosensor for dynamic imaging of kinase activity in cells
Protein kinases regulate almost every major signaling pathway. Visualizing spatiotemporal dynamics of kinase activity is thus essential to understand cell signaling. Here, we report a de novo–designed...
Correction for Matsumura et al., Stress-induced organismal death is genetically regulated by the mTOR–Zeste–Phae1 axis
Transmembrane ROOM proteins ensure rooms for germ cells by maintaining intercellular bridges
Germ cells of diverse species form a syncytium, which is a multinucleated cell complex, and share cytoplasmic components via intercellular bridges. Here, we demonstrate that the paralogous transmembra...
Biased and inattentive responding contribute to apparent metacognitive biases in mental health
Large-scale online studies with healthy adults have documented consistent associations between transdiagnostic psychiatric traits and metacognitive biases. Here, analysis of existing and new large-sca...
Selection maintains diversity in a connected ocean
Social media promotion improves job market outcomes
Social media has transformed how academics disseminate research, but its effect on academic job outcomes remains unclear. Previous research has shown correlations between social media exposure and met...
The cortical canvas
Attention control ability is associated with frontoparietal control network interactions
Attention control predicts academic achievement, professional success, and health outcomes. However, the neural basis of stable, individual differences in attention control remains unclear. Prior rese...