Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Articles in this Issue
Real-time tracking of carbon corrosion by atomic force microscopy reveals the impact of defect topography on degradation dynamics
Carbon materials are widely deployed in electrochemical energy technologies; however, the nanoscale mechanisms underlying their durability remain incompletely understood. We report the visualization o...
A transparent universal credit system to incentivize peer review
Randomized iterative trajectory reweighting for steady-state distributions without discretization error
A significant challenge in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations is ensuring that sampled configurations converge to the equilibrium or nonequilibrium stationary distribution of interest. Lack of conver...
SAGA1 and SAGA2 localize the starch sheath to the pyrenoid in <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i>
Most algae enhance their CO 2 assimilation by concentrating CO 2 within the pyrenoid, a biomolecular condensate of the C...
Chiral inversion mutagenesis identifies geometrically constrained residues within self-associating low-complexity domains
Many protein low-complexity domains (LCDs) self-associate to enable cellular function, yet fundamental questions remain regarding how polypeptide chemical and structural features beyond side chain ide...
Vertical conveyor driving the integration of moisture transported by the westerlies to the Asian water towers’ atmospheric water cycle
The westerlies moisture transport underpins water security for over two billion people dependent on the Asian water towers (AWTs). However, the mechanisms by which large-scale westerlies-advected mois...
Contributions of the basolateral amygdala and nucleus accumbens to sustaining not just initiating cognitive effort
People must often sustain cognitive effort to achieve important goals. Although current models recognize that subcortical valuation regions are important for initiating such effort, they have not seen...
Correction for Andrews et al., Tropism of SARS-CoV-2 for human cortical astrocytes
Structural promiscuity in the human circulatory IgA1 clonal repertoire
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most abundant antibody in humans, with high concentrations in both mucosae/secretions and circulation. While mucosal IgA has been studied extensively, characterization of...
3D epithelial cell topology tunes signaling range to promote precise patterning
Cell behaviors in multicellular organisms are coordinated via both diffusible molecules and by signals based on direct cell–cell contacts. The mode of cell communication used influences the signaling...
Observational epidemiological studies can mitigate genetic confounding with a genetic relatedness matrix
Observational studies are commonly used in psychology and epidemiology to identify risk factors correlated with health outcomes. However, these studies are vulnerable to confounding when shared geneti...
Developmental landmarks and cellular transitions during extravillous trophoblast cell differentiation
Human trophoblast stem (TS) can be captured, maintained in vitro under specific conditions, and differentiated into extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cells. The regulatory mechanisms that govern the self...
Simultaneous multielectrode recordings along the human scala tympani: Evidence for level-dependent place coding
The cochlea systematically encodes sound frequency and intensity via a precisely organized tonotopic map, in which traveling waves peak at specific cochlear locations. A fundamental but incompletely u...
IL-33-induced ILC2 effector cytokine responses promote the expansion of red pulp macrophages
Red pulp macrophages (RPMs) remove senescent erythrocytes from the circulation and recycle their iron for erythropoiesis. The development of RPMs is guided by signals from the microenvironment, which...
A multiplant transcriptomic atlas reveals conserved and lineage-specific defense architectures in response to <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>
Generalist pathogens pose a challenge to plant immunity by infecting diverse hosts while harboring extensive intraspecific genetic variation. Whether evolutionary distant plant lineages rely on a shar...
Correction for Konstantoulea et al., Phagocytes as plaque catalysts: Human macrophages generate seeding-competent Aβ42 fibrils with cross-seeding activity
Distinct activity in prefrontal projections promotes temporal control of action
Prefrontal neurons exhibit diverse activity during cognitive functions such as working memory, attention, and timing; however, the importance of this heterogeneity is unclear. Our goal was to better u...
Compositionality and systematicity emerge from iterated learning in deep linear networks
Humans have a remarkable ability to systematically generalize—reasoning about new situations by combining aspects of previous experiences. Language provides one of the primary examples of this ability...
Coordinated stomatal, mesophyll, and biochemical functions in photosynthetic responses to heat and dryness
The intrinsic link between temperature and leaf-to-air vapor pressure difference (Δ e ) complicates isolation of their individual effects on photosynthesis. Con...
The heterogeneous selection landscape of genome evolution in prokaryotes
Evolution of prokaryote genomes appears to be defined by the interplay of selection for genome streamlining, deletion bias, and selection for functional diversification. The previously observed overal...
A change in the cell wall status initiates the elimination of the nucellus in <i>Arabidopsis</i>
The evolution of the seed habit can be traced back to a change in the cell fate of the nucellus, the sporophytic tissue responsible for female meiosis. Seeds arose when the nucellus retained the femal...
Stag2-mediated chromatin dynamics regulates antibody class switch recombination
Class switch recombination (CSR) in B lymphocytes switches immunoglobulin heavy chain ( Igh ) constant regions (C H s) t...
ATP2B1 expression identifies human hematopoietic stem cells with superior repopulation and self-renewal
Long-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSC) maintain lifelong hematopoiesis while preserving the stem cell compartment through self-renewal. The human LT-HSC compartment is molecularly and functionall...
Decoding the structure of GPR151 via NELiS
Structure determination of orphan G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) is hindered by lack of known ligands and their inherent instability during purification. Conventional thermostability screening re...
VEGF-D-induced intraosseous lymphangiogenesis drives site-specific heterotopic bone resorption
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a debilitating condition that commonly occurs after musculoskeletal injury and is characterized by the formation of bone in soft tissues. Despite advances in understan...