Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Articles in this Issue
A phosphorylation cascade involving ZmSnRK2.10–ZmRIPK2–ZmWRKY38 attenuates drought response by derepressing <i>ZmSUS2</i> in maize
Drought stress severely limits crop productivity, with transcription factors (TFs) playing pivotal roles in plant adaptation. Here, we identify the maize TF ZmWRKY38 as a positive regulator of drought...
Magnetotaxis in an anaerobic ciliate via tripartite syntrophy
Magnetotaxis has evolved independently numerous times in bacteria, whereby genetically controlled biomineralization of nano-crystalline magnets results in swimming along Earth’s magnetic field lines....
Ligand regulation and function of preformed EGFR dimers
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are key therapeutic targets in cancer, diabetes, and other diseases. With only one transmembrane α-helix—compared with seven in G-protein-coupled receptors—RTKs are th...
There is no free benchmark: An institutional view of legal AI benchmarking
Despite substantial excitement around the use of AI in law, little information exists on the performance and associated risks of the domain’s widely marketed tools. Recent work, for instance, has demo...
Measuring disparate impact in human and machine decisions
Empirical analyses have grown increasingly important in discrimination litigation with the greater availability of detailed data on individuals and decisions. A popular analytic strategy is to estimat...
Continuity in geometric intuition between humans and monkeys
Geometric intuition is regarded as a hallmark of human intelligence. Humans hold a unique advantage in recognizing geometric shapes with Euclidean features (e.g., parallelism, symmetry) and have more...
Quantitative guiding of developmental cell fate patterns using a dynamical landscape model
During development, cells gradually assume specialized fates via changes of transcriptional dynamics in thousands of genes. Landscape modeling approaches, which abstract from the underlying gene regul...
At the boundary: Law and AI
Echolocating bats sacrifice binaural localization cues for target-focused hearing during high-speed foraging
Accurate sound localization is critical to navigation and foraging in echolocating animals. During both passive listening and active echolocation, bats are thought to rely solely on interaural level d...
Legal infrastructure for transformative AI governance
Most of our AI governance efforts focus on substance: What rules do we want in place? What limits or checks do we want to impose on AI development and deployment? But a key role for law is not only to...
LARP1 at the nexus of oncogenic MYC and mTOR signaling
The backfiring effect of weak AI safety regulation
Recent policy proposals aim to improve the safety of general-purpose AI, but there is little understanding of the efficacy of different regulatory approaches. We present a strategic model that explore...
Correction for Buche et al., Trait-mediated interactions drive local diversity
Synergistic action of different molecular mechanisms causes striking levels of insecticide resistance in the malaria vector <i>Anopheles gambiae</i>
Intensifying insecticide resistance in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae poses a serious threat to the progress achieved the last decades in reducing malaria...
Shape instabilities of active epithelial domes under hydraulic stress: Growth, collapse, and oscillation
Fluid-filled epithelial cavities arise in a wide range of biological contexts, from developmental lumens and embryonic cavities to epithelial domes formed by monolayer delamination. Yet how hydraulic...
Correction for Patel, The simplicity of the Hodge bundle
Correction for Sabzehei et al., Exploring PrP <sup>C</sup> unfolding as a critical step preceding its refolding in the context of PrP <sup>Sc</sup> propagation
Assessing the feasibility of collective licensing of in-copyright works as training data for generative AI systems
Copyright owners have sued several developers of large-scale generative AI systems for copyright infringement because of their uses of massive quantities of in-copyright works as training data for bui...
Shifting cultivation as a self-organizing social–ecological system
A transition toward flightlessness in Mallards, Indian Runner Ducks, and their hybrid offspring
Many studies have explored wing function in volant birds, and how flight is gained over ontogeny and evolution. However, flight is often secondarily reduced or lost, and how birds transition from wing...
Context matters: Interpreting antiphage phenotypes and synergies of a DNA-intercalating agent
The dual face of miR-146a in ALS
Public responses to atrocities depend on partisanship and context, not legal labels
Legal labels such as genocide and crimes against humanity carry substantial legal and diplomatic weight in elite and institutional arenas, where classification shapes treaty obligations, ICC jurisdict...
Posttranslational generation of carboxylate ligands from aliphatic side chains in the photosynthetic oxygen-evolving complex
Photosynthetic oxygen evolution is catalyzed by the Mn 4 CaO 5 cluster within the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) of photo...
Gender pay gaps in the social sciences
We provide a longitudinal, multifield analysis of the gender pay gap in academia that directly links individual-level salaries to measures of scholarly productivity. Using administrative data from the...