Age-dependent cytokine surge in blood precedes cancer diagnosis

G Guangbo Chen (Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine) A Azam Mohsin (Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine) H Hong Zheng (Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering) Y Yael Rosenberg-Hasson (Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine) C Cindy Padilla (Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine) K Kavita Y. Sarin (Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Stanford University) C Cornelia L. Dekker (Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine) P Philip Grant (Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine) H Holden T. Maecker (Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine) Y Ying Lu D David Furman (Buck Institute for Research on Aging) S Shai Shen-Orr (Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology) P Purvesh Khatri (Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine) M Mark M. Davis (Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University)

Abstract

Aging is associated with increased variability and dysregulation of the immune system. We performed a system-level analysis of serum cytokines in a longitudinal cohort of 133 healthy individuals over 9 y. We found that cancer incidence is a major contributor to increased cytokine abundance variability. Circulating cytokines increase up to 4 y before a cancer diagnosis in subjects with age over 80 y. We also analyzed cytokine expression in 10 types of early-stage cancers from The Cancer Genome Atlas. We found that a similar set of cytokines is upregulated in tumor tissues, specifically after the age of 80 y. Similarly, cellular senescence activity and CDKN1A/p21 expression increase with age in cancer tissues. Finally, we demonstrated that the cytokine levels in serum can be used to predict cancers among subjects age at 80+ y. Our results suggest that latent senescent cancers contribute to age-related chronic inflammation.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 122, Issue 12
Published March 25, 2025
ISSN 0027-8424
Publisher National Academy of Sciences

Authors (14)

G

Guangbo Chen

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine

A

Azam Mohsin

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine

H

Hong Zheng

Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering

Y

Yael Rosenberg-Hasson

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine

C

Cindy Padilla

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine

K

Kavita Y. Sarin

Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Stanford University

C

Cornelia L. Dekker

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine

P

Philip Grant

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine

H

Holden T. Maecker

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine

Y

Ying Lu

D

David Furman

Buck Institute for Research on Aging

S

Shai Shen-Orr

Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology

P

Purvesh Khatri

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine

M

Mark M. Davis

Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University