Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Articles in this Issue
Observation of the electric Breit–Rabi effect
The response of an atom to external electric and magnetic fields can reveal fundamental atomic properties. It has long been verified that, in a static magnetic field, those atomic energy levels with h...
Promoting collective cooperation through temporal interactions
Collective cooperation maintains the function of many natural and social systems, making understanding the evolution of cooperation a central question of modern science. Although human interactions in...
De novo design of D-peptide ligands: Application to influenza virus hemagglutinin
D-peptides hold great promise as therapeutics by alleviating the challenges of metabolic stability and immunogenicity in L-peptides. However, current D-peptide discovery methods are severely limited b...
Light controls gene functions through alternative splicing in fungi
Light controls important biological processes in fungi by regulating transcriptional gene activation. Here, we found that beyond the regulation of mRNA transcript abundance, light regulates alternativ...
Multiomics integration prioritizes potential drug targets for multiple sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease with no current cure. Drug discovery and repurposing are essential to enhance treatment efficacy and safety. We utilized summary statistics for pr...
Retinoic acid receptor assembly dynamics governs dual functions in cochlear organogenesis
Retinoic acid (RA) is a morphogen that contributes to inner ear development. Gain and loss of function experiments have indicated retinoic acid’s critical role in cochlear hair cell development. Howev...
Testicular somatic and germ cell maturation during rhesus macaque development
The formation of bilateral testes in animals is critical for puberty, reproductive capacity, and testosterone production across the life course. In humans, testis development begins in embryonic life...
The adaptive state determines the impact of mutations on evolving populations
Darwinian evolution results from an interplay between stochastic diversification of heritable phenotypes, impacting the chance of survival and reproduction, and fitness-based selection. The ability of...
Comparative performance of viral landscape phylogeography approaches
The rapid evolution of RNA viruses implies that their evolutionary and ecological processes occur on the same time scale. Genome sequences of these pathogens therefore can contain information about th...
Crystal structure and catalytic mechanism of drimenol synthase, an unusual bifunctional terpene cyclase–phosphatase
Drimenol synthase from Aquimarina spongiae (AsDMS) is a highly unusual chimera that integrates two distinct, sequential isoprenoid processing activities within...
Editorial Expression of Concern for Fries et al., Early experience in humans is associated with changes in neuropeptides critical for regulating social behavior
Heritable symbiont producing nonribosomal peptide confers extreme heat sensitivity and antifungal protection on its host
Insects frequently form associations with maternally transmitted symbiotic bacteria. This transmission mode ensures that symbiont-conferred effects, both beneficial and negative, are passed onto offsp...
Overcoming toxicity: How nonantagonistic microbes manage to thrive in boom-and-bust environments
Antagonistic interactions are critical determinants of microbial community stability and composition, offering host benefits such as pathogen protection and providing avenues for antimicrobial control...
Diploidization in a wild rice allopolyploid is both episodic and gradual
Polyploid organisms evolve from their initial doubled genomic condition through a number of processes collectively termed diploidization, whose tempo and mode remain poorly understood mainly due to th...
Photothermal catalysis of waste plastics into propionic acid and hydrogen via Ni single-atom site isolation effect
Currently, catalytic recycling of polyethylene (PE) into high-value chemicals using solar energy often faces poor product selectivity and low efficiency. This is mainly due to the difficulty in effect...
Contribution of glutamatergic projections to neurons in the nonhuman primate substantia nigra pars reticulata for reactive inhibition
The basal ganglia play a crucial role in action selection by facilitating desired movements and suppressing unwanted ones. The substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), a key output nucleus, facilitates...
Synergistic deficits in parvalbumin interneurons and dopamine signaling drive ACC dysfunction in chronic pain
Chronic pain arises from maladaptive changes in both peripheral and central nervous systems, including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a key region implicated in descending pain modulation. Chron...
PLAA/UFD-3 regulates P-bodies through its intrinsic disordered domain
Regulation of proteome homeostasis is crucial for the survival and adaptation to changing environments for all species. In eukaryotes, this process is finely tuned through regulation at the level of t...
The effects of social media criticism against public health institutions on trust, emotions, and social media engagement
In recent years, trust in US public health and science institutions has faced unprecedented declines, particularly among Republicans/conservatives. To what extent might institutional criticism on soci...
Fluid dynamics model of the cerebral ventricular system
Hydrocephalus, a neurological condition characterized by an excessive buildup of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain, affects millions worldwide and leads to severe consequences. Current treatments...
Make forensic case reports required legal and scientific documents
Peeling tape produces strong electric fields via stick–slip friction that drive chemical reactions
Adhesive interfaces store significant energy due to interlocking molecular chain entanglement and van der Waals forces. When two adhesive surfaces are separated, triboelectric effects induce charge tr...
Generative AI without guardrails can harm learning: Evidence from high school mathematics
Generative AI is poised to revolutionize how humans work, and has already demonstrated promise in significantly improving human productivity. A key question is how generative AI affects learning—namel...
Fine structural design of 3βHSD1 inhibitors for prostate cancer therapy
Prostate cancer is a global health challenge, particularly for patients resistant to the second-generation anti-androgen receptor pathway inhibitors. The steroidogenic enzyme 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydro...
<i>Trichomonas vaginalis</i> extracellular vesicles suppress IFNε-mediated responses driven by its intracellular bacterial symbiont <i>Mycoplasma hominis</i>
Trichomonas vaginalis is a common, extracellular, sexually transmitted parasite which is often found in symbiosis with the intracellular bacterium Mycoplasma ho...