Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Articles in this Issue
Synovial MS4A4A correlates with inflammation and counteracts response to corticosteroids in arthritis
MS4A4A belongs to the MS4A tetraspan protein superfamily and is selectively expressed by the monocyte–macrophage lineage. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the role of MS4A4A+ macrophages in rheumat...
Giant mobility of surface-trapped ionic charges following liquid tribocharging
The sliding motion of aqueous droplets on hydrophobic surfaces leads to charge separation at the trailing edge, with implications from triple-line friction to hydrovoltaic energy generation. Charges d...
S-nitrosylation of pVHL regulates β <sub>2</sub> adrenergic receptor function
The β 2 -adrenergic receptor (β 2 AR), a prototype G protein–coupled receptor, controls cardiopulmonary function underpi...
Hybridoma-inspired strategy crafts tailored multifunctional exosomes for precision therapy
Engineering functional exosomes represents a cutting-edge approach in biomedicine, holding the promise to transform targeted therapy. However, challenges such as achieving consistent modification and...
Adrenal lipoma formation via PI(3,4,5)P <sub>3</sub> /AKT-dependent transdifferentiation of adrenocortical cells into adipocytes
Adrenal lipomas are benign tumors containing ectopic adipose tissue in the adrenal gland, an organ that normally lacks both adipocytes and their progenitors. The origin of this ectopic fat remains eni...
Modeling human retinal ganglion cell axonal outgrowth, development, and pathology using pluripotent stem cell–based microfluidic platforms
Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are highly compartmentalized neurons whose long axons serve as the sole connection between the eye and the brain. In both injury and disease, RGC degeneration occurs in a...
Climate warming is expanding dengue burden in the Americas and Asia
Climate change is expected to pose significant threats to public health, particularly vector-borne diseases. Despite dramatic recent increases in dengue that many anecdotally connect with climate chan...
Ice gliding diatoms establish record-low temperature limits for motility in a eukaryotic cell
Despite periods of permanent darkness and extensive ice coverage in polar environments, photosynthetic ice diatoms display a remarkable capability of living inside the ice matrix. How these organisms...
Interventions to bolster benefits take-up: Assessing intensity, framing, and targeting of government outreach
Behaviorally informed “nudges” are widely used in government outreach but are often seen as too modest to address poverty at scale. In four field experiments over 2 y ( n...
Excitatory glycine receptors control ventral hippocampus synaptic plasticity and anxiety-related behaviors
Excitatory glycine receptors (eGlyRs), composed of the glycine-binding NMDA receptor subunits GluN1 and GluN3A, have recently emerged as a novel neuronal signaling modality that challenges the traditi...
A geometric condition for robot-swarm cohesion and cluster–flock transition
We present a geometric design rule for size-controlled clustering of self-propelled particles. We show that active particles that tend to rotate under an external force have an intrinsic, signed param...
Driving the grid forward: How electric vehicle adoption shapes power system infrastructure and emissions
We model the effect of plug-in electric vehicle (EV) adoption on U.S. power system generator capacity investment, operations, and emissions through 2050 by estimating power systems outcomes under a ra...
Elastocaloric evidence for a multicomponent superconductor stabilized within the nematic state in Ba(Fe <sub> 1− <i>x</i> </sub> Co <sub> <i>x</i> </sub> ) <sub>2</sub> As <sub>2</sub>
The iron-based high- T c...
Reciprocity in dynamics of supramolecular biosystems for the clustering of ligands and receptors
Multivalent binding and the resulting dynamical clustering of receptors and ligands are known to be key features in biological interactions. For optimizing biomaterials capable of similar dynamical fe...
Cooling outweighs warming across phenological transitions in the Northern Hemisphere
Vegetation phenology, i.e., seasonal biological events such as leaf-out and leaf-fall, regulates local climate through biophysical processes like evapotranspiration (ET) and albedo. However, the net s...
Cooperative mixing through hydrodynamic interactions in <i>Stylonychia lemnae</i>
Aquatic microorganisms typically inhabit a heterogeneous resource landscape, composed of localized and transient patches. To effectively exploit these resources, they have evolved a wide range of feed...
Distinct prelimbic cortex ensembles encode response execution and inhibition
Learning when to initiate or withhold actions is essential for survival, requiring the integration of past experiences with new information to adapt to changing environments. The prelimbic cortex (PL)...
Muricholic acid mediates puberty initiation via the hypothalamic TGR5 signaling pathway
The onset of puberty is increasingly observed at earlier ages in children, especially in girls with obesity, a trend that predisposes them to long-term metabolic and reproductive disorders in adulthoo...
Quantifying phage infectivity from characteristics of bacterial population dynamics
A frequent goal of phage biology is to quantify how well a phage kills a population of host bacteria. Unfortunately, traditional methods to quantify phage success can be time-consuming, limiting the t...
Dynamic and precise electromagnetic levitation of single cells
The biophysical properties of single cells are crucial for understanding cellular function and behavior in biology and medicine. However, precise manipulation of cells in 3-D microfluidic environments...
Single-cell transcriptome combined with genetic tracing reveals a roadmap of fibrosis formation during proliferative vitreoretinopathy
Ocular fibrosis, a severe consequence of excessive retinal wound healing, can lead to vision loss following retinal injury. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), a common form of ocular fibrosis, is...
Ecosystem consequences of a nitrogen-fixing proto-organelle
Microscale symbioses can be critical to ecosystem functions, but the mechanisms of these interactions in nature are often cryptic. Here, we use a combination of stable isotope imaging and tracing to r...
Microglia-to-neuron signaling links <i>APOE4</i> and inflammation to enhanced neuronal lipid metabolism and network activity
Microglia regulate neuronal circuit plasticity. Disrupting their homeostatic function has detrimental effects on neuronal circuit health. Neuroinflammation contributes to the onset and progression of...
Wild bats hunt insects faster under lit conditions by integrating acoustic and visual information
Animals can improve their decision-making abilities by integrating information from multiple senses, which is especially beneficial when living in fluctuating environments. However, understanding how...
Female membrane proteins regulate postmating ovulation in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> by ovulin-dependent and -independent pathways
Ovulation is an intricate process that is essential for reproductive success. In Drosophila melanogaster , ovulation increases after mating. This increase is in...