Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Articles in this Issue
Nanofluidic logic based on chiral skyrmion flows
Particle-like chiral magnetic skyrmions can flow in nanotracks and behave like chiral fluids. Using interacting flows to perform logical operations is an important topic in microfluidics and nanofluid...
An all-sky light pollution model for global-scale applications that embraces a full range of cloud distributions
Light pollution has been traditionally modeled using clear or completely overcast conditions. Usually, atmospheric conditions are more complex and involve variable cloudiness. To predict light polluti...
Genomic and transcriptomic landscape of carcinogenesis in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma and proximal polyposis of the stomach (GAPPS)
Gastric adenocarcinoma and proximal polyposis of the stomach (GAPPS) is an autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by polyposis localized in the gastric body and fundus with a strong tendency for ad...
Two-factor synaptic consolidation reconciles robustness with pruning and homeostatic scaling
Memory consolidation refers to a process of engram reorganization and stabilization that is thought to occur primarily during sleep through a combination of neural replay, homeostatic plasticity, syna...
Why more social interactions lead to more polarization in societies
Over the past two decades, the number of close social connections increased substantially, at least by a factor of two. At the same time, societal opinions have become increasingly polarized in many W...
On the absence of the ultimate regime in turbulent thermal convection
Quantifying heat transport in turbulent convection remains a challenge. The two competing models of heat transport predict that the nondimensional heat flux, known as the Nusselt number (Nu), is propo...
Revealing emergent human-like conceptual representations from language prediction
People acquire concepts through rich physical and social experiences and use them to understand and navigate the world. In contrast, large language models (LLMs), trained solely through next-token pre...
A conductive folding metamaterial via laser-induced biomimetic electrospinning
Conductive folding metamaterials (CFMs) represent a class of cross-physical-domain new-type metamaterials. However, the inherently nonfoldable nature of intrinsic conductive materials and the incompat...
Rats pursue food and leisure following the same rational principles
Animals in the wild must balance multiple, potentially mutually exclusive goals simultaneously in order to survive. Yet laboratory tests of decision-making often investigate how animals optimize their...
Reevaluation of whether histones are asymmetrically segregated during asymmetric divisions of stem cells in <i>Drosophila</i>
Recent work suggests that asymmetric segregation of preexisting and newly synthesized canonical histone 3.1 (H3.1), but not variant histone 3.3A (H3.3A), plays an important role in the asymmetric outc...
Synaptobrevin-2 disease variants reveal spatial constraints within the presynaptic active zone
Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins drive synaptic transmission in a temporally and spatially precise manner. Recent studies have identified several...
Glycosaminoglycans activate peptidylarginine deiminase 4 by enhancing calcium affinity
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease driven by abnormal protein modifications. These include citrullination of arginine residues by the calcium-activated enzyme peptidylarginine deim...
Automaticity speeds the retrieval of instances from the human hippocampus
Automatic processing allows humans to perform tasks with minimal effort following learning. Although theories of automaticity propose that learning should result in faster processing, studies have uni...
Neutron crystallography of the covalent intermediate of β-glucosidase reveals remodeling of the catalytic center
Anomer-retaining glycoside hydrolases (GHs) generally catalyze a double displacement reaction via a covalent intermediate. However, neutron crystallography of glycoside ligand-bound states has not bee...
Habenula–ventral tegmental area functional coupling and risk aversion in humans
Maladaptive responses to uncertainty, including excessive risk seeking or avoidance, are linked to a range of mental disorders. One expression of these is a provariance bias (PVB), i.e., risk-seeking...
Programming cellular condensates for living materials using an intrinsically disordered protein display platform
Self-organization underpins the emergence of complex structure in living systems but remains a major challenge for engineering synthetic multicellular materials. Here, we present intrinsically disorde...
LRP8 is an entry receptor for tick-borne encephalitis viruses
Orthoflaviviruses are a genus of arthropod-transmitted RNA viruses that infect humans and other vertebrate animals on a global scale, resulting in extensive morbidity and mortality. Among the orthofla...
A cell-based scrambling assay reveals the phospholipid headgroup preference of TMEM16F on the plasma membrane
The asymmetric resting distribution of the three major phospholipid classes on the mammalian plasma membrane, with phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine mostly on the inner leaflet and phosp...
Analgesia through FKBP51 inhibition at disease onset confers lasting relief from sensory and emotional chronic pain symptoms
Chronic pain affects 20 to 30% of the population and imposes a significant socioeconomic burden as it is often accompanied by substantial emotional comorbidities such as anxiety and depression. Yet, t...
Hierarchical assembly of biomass fiber–lamella–macromolecule networks for biocomposites with high strength and water-resistant sealing
Enhancing mechanical strength and water resistance in cellulose fiber-based materials is crucial for their adoption as sustainable alternatives to petroleum plastics. However, achieving these improvem...
Parallel systems for social and spatial cognition reaching the cortical apex
How are systems supporting high-level cognition organized in the human brain? We hypothesize that cognitive processes involved in understanding people and places are implemented by distinct neural sys...
Accurate site-specific folding via conditional diffusion based on AlphaFold3
Accurate structure prediction of biomolecular complexes is crucial for understanding biological processes and enabling drug discovery. While AlphaFold3 represents a significant advancement, enhancing...
WrtF from <i>Rhizobium tropici</i> CIAT 899 is a GT-A fold fucosyltransferase that binds its donor nonproductively
l -Fucose, a 6-deoxy-monosaccharide, is often incorporated into O-antigens in Rhizobia where it serves as an important marker for host recognition. Here, we biochemically and struc...
In vivo parcellation of the human superior colliculus from brain-wide probabilistic connectivity
The Superior Colliculus (SC) is a multimodal integration midbrain structure receiving input from various sensory systems (visual, auditory, and somatosensory) and using this information to guide rapid...
Divergent patterns of engagement with partisan and low-quality news across seven social media platforms
In recent years, social media has become increasingly fragmented, as platforms evolve and new alternatives emerge. Yet most research studies a single platform—typically X/Twitter, or occasionally Face...