Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Articles in this Issue
A nuclear CobW/WW-domain factor represses the CO <sub>2</sub> -concentrating mechanism in the green alga <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i>
Microalgae induce a CO 2 -concentrating mechanism (CCM) to maintain photosynthesis when CO 2 is limited. Because this sy...
Stephen P. Long: Visionary, teacher, and doer
Stephen Long pioneered a multidisciplinary approach to advance our knowledge of photosynthesis, by integrating research at the molecular, cellular, organismal, and ecological levels along with a pragm...
Water-mediated hydrogen bonds and local side-chain interactions in the cooperative collapse and expansion of PNIPAM oligomers
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), a thermoresponsive homopolymer, is a well-established model for investigating coil-to-globule transitions. Here, we combine long molecular dynamics (MD) simulatio...
Plant–fungi interactions in <i>Marchantia polymorpha</i> are associated with horizontal gene transfer and terpene metabolism
The liverwort Marchantia polymorpha has emerged as a model for studying plant immunity in bryophytes, providing unique insights into conserved defense mechanism...
Apical and basolateral plasma membranes in epithelial cells have distinct lipidomes and biophysical properties
Epithelial cell polarization is essential for many physiological processes, including tissue morphogenesis, nutrient absorption, barrier integrity, and directional secretion. A defining feature of suc...
Spatial transcriptomics reveals tumor microenvironment–driven subtypes of invasive lobular carcinoma
Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is the second most common histological subtype of breast cancer and displays distinct clinical and biological behavior compared to breast cancer of no special type. Ho...
High-sensitivity, protein-independent detection of dsDNA sequences
Current methodologies for detecting the sequence of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) require amplifying and denaturing the target into single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) to enable sequence detection through Watso...
Mapping of the viral shunt across widespread coccolithophore blooms using metabolic biomarkers
The viral shunt is a fundamental ecosystem process which diverts the flux of organic carbon fixed through photosynthesis during algal bloom events from heterotrophic grazers to bacteria. Through the e...
Metabolite control of enzyme activity links stress to biosynthetic regulation
Cells must continuously adjust metabolic output to maintain homeostasis under changing environmental conditions, yet the mechanisms that enable rapid and reversible control of pathway activity remain...
Amplified warming in tropical and subtropical cities under 2 °C climate change
Cities are often warmer than rural surroundings due to a phenomenon known as the urban heat island, which can be influenced by various factors, such as regional climate and land surface types. Under c...
Pleistocene demographic histories dominate contemporary genomic diversity in a continental radiation of Himalayan–Hengduan songbirds
Genetic diversity, the fundamental substrate for evolutionary potential, is declining globally at unprecedented rates. Yet the mechanisms governing its distribution across species remain poorly unders...
A factor integrating transcription and repression of surface antigen genes in African trypanosomes
Antigenic variation in Trypanosoma brucei ( T. brucei ) requires monoallelic expression of one variant surface glycoprot...
Reply to Cecchi and Palminteri: On the need to model temporal variation in learning rates
Molecular tuning of DNA framework–programmed silicification by cationic silica cluster attachment
The organizational complexity of biominerals has long fascinated scientists seeking to understand biological programming and implement new developments in biomimetic materials chemistry. Nonclassical...
A framework for assessing the trustworthiness of scientific research findings
Vigorous debate has erupted over the trustworthiness of scientific research findings in a number of domains. The question “what makes research findings trustworthy?” elicits different answers dependin...
An interpretable molecular framework for predicting cancer driver missense mutations
Missense mutations play a critical role in human disease, contributing to both inherited disorders and cancer. However, accurately predicting their functional impact—particularly for cancer driver mut...
Controlling for life-history traits in vertebrates reveals that effective population size does not affect mutation rate or genome size
Why mutation rates ( μ ) and genome sizes (GS) vary among species remains a central question in evolutionary genetics. Two influential models, the drift-barrier...
Rapid evolution reveals long-range spread of SARS-CoV-2
Genuine learning biases persist after accounting for temporally decreasing learning rates: Insight from fitting six datasets
Identification of a stylet-secreted effector protein family as a core component of root-knot nematode feeding tubes
Proteins secreted from a mouth stylet of sedentary plant-parasitic root-knot nematodes self-polymerize to form a unique feeding tube structure within host cells modified into giant feeding cells by th...
A silent Kv channel subunit shapes PV neuron action potential waveform and short-term synaptic plasticity during high-frequency firing
Fast-spiking parvalbumin-positive (PV) neurons provide precisely timed, context-dependent inhibition within cortical circuits. PV neuron firing properties are specialized among cortical neurons, sugge...
Nuclear speckles are regulatory hubs for viral and host mRNA expression during HSV-1 infection
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection remodels the host nucleus, marginalizing chromatin and forming viral replication compartments (VRCs). Nuclear speckles, nuclear bodies enriched in RNA-pro...
Grazer exclusion is associated with higher fast-cycling carbon pools but lower slow-cycling mineral-associated carbon across grasslands
The removal of livestock grazers from historically grazed grasslands is widely proposed as a key strategy for the enhancement of soil organic carbon (SOC) for climate mitigation. Yet, accurate assessm...
PTP1B inhibition promotes microglial phagocytosis in Alzheimer’s disease models by enhancing SYK signaling
Amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Emerging evidence suggests that impaired microglial Aβ phagocytosis is a key feature in AD, highlighting the therapeutic potentia...
Health-focused frames mobilize Americans to action to address LGBTQ inequality
“More than 1 in 8 LGBTQ people live in states where doctors can refuse to treat them.” This headline describes a flurry of laws passed in 2025 allowing doctors to refuse treatment of LGBTQ patients ba...