Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Articles in this Issue
The quasi-liquid layer thickness controls clathrate hydrates’ growth rate
Clathrate hydrates are fascinating materials that offer many attractive benefits for carbon sequestration, water desalination, intermittent natural gas storage, chemical separations, and other applica...
Early colonization before inundation consistent with northern glacial refugia in Southern Doggerland revealed by sedimentary ancient DNA
Prior to the formation of the present-day North Sea during the mid-Holocene, North-Western Europe was connected through the Doggerland landmass. While it has been known for the past century that Dogge...
The <i>Mycobacterium smegmatis bd</i> -II terminal oxidase employs a carboxylate shift mechanism
Cytochrome bd is a terminal oxidase expressed under low oxygen conditions and central for the survival of many pathogens. Here, we characterize the cyt...
Mechanistic insights into lenacapavir-induced off-pathway HIV-1 capsid assembly
The HIV-1 capsid is a fullerene cone composed of hexameric and pentameric capsid proteins (CA) that packages the viral genome and mediates nuclear entry. Lenacapavir (LEN), a potent molecular long-act...
N6-methyladenosine modification of FZR1 mRNA positively regulates antiviral innate immunity by targeting the MAVS–TRAF3/6 axis
Activation of retinoic acid-inducible gene-I-like receptors (RLRs) is important for type I interferon (IFN-I) production and antiviral innate immunity initiation. However, the epigenetic mechanisms th...
Electrostatically driven pattern formation in mixed charged–neutral multicomponent elastic membranes
Multicomponent crystalline and amorphous elastic shells exhibit heterogeneous surface patterns that provide distinctive functionalities in cellular environments. Such patterning typically arises from...
Immune cells employ intermittent integrin-mediated traction forces for 3D migration
To reach targets outside the bloodstream, immune cells can extravasate and migrate through connective tissue. During tissue infiltration, immune cells migrate in an amoeboid fashion, characterized by...
Predicting individual incubation of opioid craving by whole-brain functional connectivity
A high risk of relapse triggered by craving during abstinence remains a main challenge in opioid addiction treatment. Multiple brain regions have been implicated in opioid craving, but the brain-wide...
Coexpression among eastern oyster host and microbiome genes suggests coordinated regulation of calcifying fluid chemistry
Marine animals that build shells, such as oysters, carefully regulate the chemistry of their internal calcifying fluids, but the molecular mechanisms behind this control, as well as whether microbes p...
Visualizing the breakdown of the quantum anomalous Hall effect
The creation of topologically nontrivial matter across electronic, mechanical, cold-atom, and photonic platforms is advancing rapidly, yet understanding the breakdown of topological protection remains...
A synthetic ERFVII-dependent circuit in yeast sheds light on the regulation of early hypoxic responses of plants
Plants face hypoxic conditions either chronically, as particular tissues are characterized by fluctuating or stable low oxygen levels, or acutely, when flooded. In vascular plants, transcriptional ada...
Macrophage–glia interactions regulate immune damage to enteric neurons during West Nile virus infection
Functional gastrointestinal (GI) tract disorders affect a substantial proportion of the global population and are often preceded by intestinal infections that cause injury to enteric neurons and glia...
Expert evaluation of LLM world models: A high-T <sub> <i>c</i> </sub> superconductivity case study
Large Language Models (LLMs) show great promise as a powerful tool for scientific literature exploration. However, their effectiveness in providing scientifically accurate and comprehensive answers to...
Crystal structure of <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> polysaccharide lyase RbmB bound to <i>Vibrio</i> polysaccharide (VPS) fragments provides insights into substrate recognition and cleavage
Exopolysaccharides are carbohydrate polymers secreted by bacteria to perform various roles including adhesion to surfaces, protection from environmental stressors, and as key components in the product...
Mixed-mobility supported lipid bilayers uncover the role of immobilized ICAM1 on T cell activation and immune synapse organization
The immunological synapse (IS) integrates antigen recognition and adhesion to control T cell activation and effector functions. Reductionist systems have been instrumental in dissecting IS organizatio...
The membrane-associated ubiquitin ligase MARCHF8 degrades MHC-I in HPV-positive head and neck cancer for immune evasion
The loss of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules has been proposed as a mechanism for cancer immune evasion. Nevertheless, the mechanism is poorly understood. We report here that...
A computational microscope for fluctuations: Bringing crystal nucleation into focus
A wireless sweat sensing with a pH-based correlation model for continuous glucose monitoring and diabetes management during exercise
In situ monitoring of sweat glucose during exercise can provide a real-time and continuous assessment of blood glucose dynamics. However, the relatively poor correlation between sweat and blood glucos...
Psoriasis-like disease prevents squamous skin tumor development by neutrophil-driven inflammation
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease affecting millions of people worldwide. Although growing evidence links chronic inflammation with increased cancer risk, the association between psoria...
Banana aroma is a result of acetohydroxyacid synthase and isopropylmalate synthase alternative isoforms that bypass feedback inhibition
The distinctive aroma of banana fruit ( Musa spp.) results from the upregulation of a pathway that is, paradoxically, understood to be feedback limited. The pri...
Ambient-pressure 151-K superconductivity in HgBa <sub>2</sub> Ca <sub>2</sub> Cu <sub>3</sub> O <sub>8+δ</sub> via pressure quench
Superconductivity has been a vigorously researched topic since its discovery in 1911. Raising the superconducting transition temperature (T c ) has been the mai...
Adhesion forces between macrophages and cancer cells promote early tumor development
Biochemical mechanisms of macrophage-driven tumor promotion are well documented, but the contribution of physical forces to early tumor development remains poorly understood. Here, we combine experime...
Developing statistical models as an early warning system to predict Salmonella outbreaks in wild birds
Substance P in the lateral hypothalamic area regulates binge‐like eating behaviors in mice
Binge eating disorder (BED) is the most common type of eating disorder; however, the neural circuit mechanisms underlying BED remain elusive. Here, we report that tachykinin-expressing neurons in the...
The population structure in the Baltic herring reflects natural selection and local adaptation
How species time reproduction and adapt to environmental conditions are key topics in ecology and evolutionary biology. Here, we conducted a high-resolution population genetic analysis of Baltic herri...