Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Articles in this Issue
Trait-mediated interactions drive local diversity
Identifying overarching processes that maintain biodiversity in natural communities remains a challenge in ecology. Although functional traits help explain regional species distributions, they often f...
Profile of John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret, and John M. Martinis: 2025 Nobel laureates in Physics
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics jointly to John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret, and John M. Martinis for their foundational discovery of macroscopic quantum me...
Multiplex gene editing enables the multibiofortification of essential vitamins and other health-promoting phytonutrients in tomato
Dietary deficiencies in essential micronutrients and other phytonutrients represent a global health and economic burden, contributing to “hidden hunger” and chronic diseases. While genome editing has...
Interaction dynamics between epithelial cysts captured by tissue rheology
Epithelial cysts are minimal structures involved in morphogenesis. They are fluid-filled cavities surrounded by an epithelial monolayer. During development, cyst grow and their interactions shape orga...
A negative-hydrated constriction zone is revealed in the active state of the H <sub>v</sub> 1 channel
The voltage-gated proton (H v 1) channel is crucial in regulating cellular pH, yet the mechanism underlying proton permeation remains controversial. A deeper un...
Explaining the universality of biological thermal responses
Polyploidy and stress
Emerging design principles for environmental, economic, and equity successes in land conservation
Land conservation initiatives worldwide are poised to continue rapid growth. Ranging in scale, scope, and mechanisms, these efforts include area-based conservation, incentive-based protection, and com...
A large-scale framework for estimating soil carbon, nitrogen, pH, and salinity dynamics for 1985–2023
Soil is fundamental to sustaining life on Earth, providing ecosystem services, regulating climate, and playing a central role in global food systems. In the last decades, due to human activities and c...
3D insights into the multiorigins of nanophase Fe <sup>0</sup> in the Moon surface
Nanophase metallic iron (npFe 0 ) in lunar soils is a key indicator for understanding the space weathering mechanisms of airless bodies. However, the detailed t...
Blindness to minority absence
Our cognitive processes are largely shaped by what is present in our environment, while absences are often overlooked. This fundamental tendency of the human mind can lead to a significant social bias...
Transition of the presynaptic vesicle cluster from a compact to dispersed organization during long-term potentiation
Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a lasting form of synaptic plasticity that can persist for hours or even days. It is associated with structural changes in both the presynaptic terminal and the postsyn...
Correction for Gao et al., Cross-linking of collagen fibrils leads to preferential gap zone mineralization in vitro
Ecological opportunity and the onset of polyploid niche expansion waves
Polyploidy, the presence of more than two sets of chromosomes, has evolved many times across the tree of life, yet we still do not know why some polyploid lineages persist while most go extinct. The e...
Acoel whole-body regeneration begins with spreading, multi-tissue ERK signaling downstream of <i>neuregulin-1</i>
Rapid activation of ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) signaling drives transcriptional responses to injury across metazoans. Yet, it is unclear whether key aspects of ERK as a wound signal—i...
Introduced species will not save Caribbean coral reefs
Impact of sex chromosomes and gonad type in stress susceptibility in corticostriatal brain regions
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by symptom heterogeneity and sex differences in prevalence. To gain insight into these sex differences, we utilized the subchronic variable stress para...
Subduction modulated the long-term oxygenation of Earth’s surface
On Earth, atmospheric oxygen is inferred to have risen over three major intervals before reaching modern levels, with each interval having a profound impact on the evolution of the biosphere. However,...
Reply to Arroyo et al.: Universality and diversity in thermal performance curves
Not all gut cellular circadian oscillators are food entrainable
Circadian rhythms are ubiquitous, and most of the organs in the body contain circadian oscillators. The intestine comprises diverse cell types with distinct developmental origins and physiological fun...
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection causes human germinal center B cell–derived lymphomas in the absence of EBNA2 expression
EBV is associated with human B cell lymphomas, including Burkitt lymphomas (BLs), diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCLs), Hodgkin lymphomas (HLs), and Plasmablastic lymphomas (PLs). EBV+ lymphomas in...
Epithelial cell fusion is required for tissue repair following UV-A irradiation
Cell cycle–dependent and independent mechanisms lead to the generation of mononucleated and multinucleated polyploid cells. The more than doubling of a cell’s nuclear genome by endoreplication has bee...
Perturbation of RNA homeostasis impairs mitochondrial respiration during poxvirus infection through excess RNA accumulation
Induction of RNA degradation in infected cells is a strategy used by many viruses to promote efficient replication. Vaccinia virus, the prototype poxvirus and the vaccine platform for smallpox and mpo...
Anti-CRISPR-mediated continuous directed evolution of CRISPR-Cas9 in human cells
Engineering CRISPR-Cas systems for improved or altered function is critical to both research and therapeutic applications. Unfortunately, most optimization, especially directed evolution in bacterial...
Rational sycophants and catastrophic risks
Sycophants praise and support leaders’ proposals to gain personal and professional advantage. A rational sycophant is an advisor who supports actions they expect to be harmful even when rewards and pu...