Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Articles in this Issue
Evidence for a metal–bosonic insulator–superconductor transition in compressed sulfur
The abrupt drop of resistance to zero at a critical temperature is a key signature of the current paradigm of the metal–superconductor transition. However, the emergence of an intermediate bosonic ins...
Comparing integrative ventilatory and renal acid–base acclimatization in lowlanders and Tibetan highlanders during ascent to 4,300 m
With over 14 million people living above 3,500 m, the study of acclimatization and adaptation to high altitude in human populations is of increasing importance, where exposure to high altitude (HA) im...
Integration of basal and apical embryo lineage regulators controls F-actin cable integrity and zygote asymmetry in <i>Arabidopsis</i>
In many plants, the asymmetric division of the zygote sets up the apical–basal body axis. In the cress Arabidopsis , the zygote coexpresses regulators of the ap...
Liquid-nano-liquid interface–oriented anisotropic encapsulation
Emulsion interface engineering has been widely employed for the synthesis of nanomaterials with various morphologies. However, the instability of the liquid–liquid interface and uncertain interfacial...
Energy–poverty–inequality SDGs: A large-scale household analysis and forecasting in China
Affordable and clean energy, eliminating poverty, and reducing inequality are important goals of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This paper examines the role of access to clea...
The unequal adoption of ChatGPT exacerbates existing inequalities among workers
We study the adoption of ChatGPT, the icon of Generative AI, using a large-scale survey linked to comprehensive register data in Denmark. Surveying 18,000 workers from 11 exposed occupations, we docum...
Gonadal sex and temperature independently influence germ cell differentiation and meiotic progression in <i>Trachemys scripta</i>
In species with genetic sex determination (GSD), the sex identity of the soma determines germ cell fate. For example, in mice, XY germ cells that enter an ovary differentiate as oogonia, whereas XX ge...
The changing relationship between racial identity and skin color in Brazil
In recent years, Brazil’s non-White (Brown and Black) population became a numerical majority for the first time since the 19th century. Although we know this change was mostly due to racial reclassifi...
Deletion of metal transporter Zip14 reduces major histocompatibility complex II expression in murine small intestinal epithelial cells
Documented worldwide, impaired immunity is a cardinal signature resulting from loss of dietary zinc, an essential micronutrient. A steady supply of zinc to meet cellular requirements is regulated by a...
Reply to Zhang et al.: Parallel vector memories are required to explain all behavioral data in navigating bumblebees
Zoos must embrace animal death for education and conservation
Confined cell migration along extracellular matrix space in vivo
Collective migration of cancer cells is often interpreted using concepts derived from the physics of active matter, but the experimental evidence is mostly restricted to observations made in vitro. He...
Efficacy of GABA aminotransferase inactivator OV329 in models of neuropathic and inflammatory pain without tolerance or addiction
Dysregulation of GABAergic inhibition is associated with pathological pain. Consequently, enhancement of GABAergic transmission represents a potential analgesic strategy. However, therapeutic potentia...
Retinal ganglion cells encode the direction of motion outside their classical receptive field
Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) typically respond to light stimulation over their spatially restricted receptive field. Using large-scale recordings in the mouse retina, we show that a subset of non- di...
Chromatin enables precise and scalable gene regulation with factors of limited specificity
Biophysical constraints limit the specificity with which transcription factors (TFs) can target regulatory DNA. While individual nontarget binding events may be low affinity, the sheer number of such...
Electrochemical NAD+ regeneration in bacterial organelles
The 1831 CE mystery eruption identified as Zavaritskii caldera, Simushir Island (Kurils)
Polar ice cores and historical records evidence a large-magnitude volcanic eruption in 1831 CE. This event was estimated to have injected ~13 Tg of sulfur (S) into the stratosphere which produced vari...
A detailed spatiotemporal atlas of the white matter tracts for the fetal brain
This study presents the construction of a comprehensive spatiotemporal atlas of white matter tracts in the fetal brain for every gestational week between 23 and 36 wk using diffusion MRI (dMRI). Our r...
Integrin-activating <i>Yersinia</i> protein Invasin sustains long-term expansion of primary epithelial cells as 2D organoid sheets
Matrigel ® /BME ® , a basement membrane-like preparation, supports long-term growth of epithelial 3D organoids from adul...
Moisture-driven carbonation kinetics for ultrafast CO <sub>2</sub> mineralization
CO 2 mineralization, a process where CO 2 reacts with minerals to form stable carbonates, presents a sustainable approac...
RNAi of the elastomeric protein resilin reduces jump velocity and resilience to damage in locusts
Resilin, an elastomeric protein with remarkable physical properties that outperforms synthetic rubbers, is a near-ubiquitous feature of the power amplification mechanisms used by jumping insects. Cata...
Earliest evidence of sedentism in the Antilles: Multiple isotope data from Canímar Abajo, Cuba
The early populations that inhabited the Antilles were traditionally understood as highly mobile groups of hunters/fishers and gatherers. Although more recent data have demonstrated that some populati...
Family relations of Moche elite burials on the North Coast of Peru (~500 CE): Analyses of the Señora de Cao and relatives
The Moche archaeological culture flourished along Peru’s North Coast between the 4th and 10th centuries CE and was characterized by a complex social hierarchy dominated by political and religious elit...
Comparing cooperative geometric puzzle solving in ants versus humans
Biological ensembles use collective intelligence to tackle challenges together, but suboptimal coordination can undermine the effectiveness of group cognition. Testing whether collective cognition exc...
Persistent humid climate favored the Qin and Western Han Dynasties in China around 2,200 y ago
The Qin and Western Han dynasties (221 BCE to 24 CE) represent an era of societal prosperity in China. However, due to a lack of high-resolution paleoclimate records it is still unclear whether the ag...