Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Articles in this Issue
Comparative single-cell analysis of transcriptional bursting reveals the role of genome organization in de novo transcript origination
Spermatogenesis is a key developmental process underlying the origination of newly evolved genes. However, rapid cell type–specific transcriptomic divergence of the Drosophila...
Nonproteolytic ubiquitination regulates chromatin occupancy by the NCoR/SMRT/HDAC3 corepressor complex in MCF-7 breast cancer cells
Tight regulation of gene expression is achieved through the coordinated action of transcription factors and cofactors that often can act as both repressors and activators in response to regulatory sig...
The expanded immunoregulatory protease network in mosquitoes is governed by gene coexpression
Serine protease cascades regulate key innate immune responses. Their activation cleaves a series of inactive protease zymogens, which then activate downstream effector enzymes, ensuring a rapid respon...
Correction for Gong et al., Jellyfish shape as a mechanical balance
A zinc transporter drives glioblastoma progression via extracellular vesicles-reprogrammed microglial plasticity
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive form of brain cancer, with limited therapeutic options. While microglia contribute to GBM progression, the mechanisms by which they foster a protumorigenic im...
Sexism in teams: Exposure to sexist comments increases emotional synchrony but eliminates its benefits for team performance
In a world where teams serve as the backbone of collaboration and innovation, women must feel safe when contributing to teamwork. Unfortunately, an increasing number of women report experiencing sexua...
Compatibility of intracellular binding: Evolutionary design principles for metal sensors
In the common cellular space, hundreds of binding reactions occur reliably and simultaneously without disruptive mutual interference. The design principles that enable this remarkable compatibility ha...
A universal strategy for multicolor organic circularly polarized afterglow materials with high dissymmetry factors
Materials with pure organic circularly polarized afterglow (CPA) have attracted significant attention due to their spatiotemporal-resolved optical properties, yet achieving simultaneous high dissymmet...
Behavioral resilience via dynamic circuit firing homeostasis
Homeostatic regulation ensures stable neural circuit output under changing conditions. We find that in Drosophila larvae, either presynaptic weakening due to pe...
Resonance-stabilized radical clustering bridges the gap between gaseous precursors and soot in the inception stage
Carbonaceous particles are widespread in combustion, atmospheric, extraterrestrial, and nanomaterials environments. Resonance-stabilized radicals (RSRs) are commonly identified in fuel combustion and...
Decreased likelihood of schooling as a consequence of tropical cyclones: Evidence from 13 low- and middle-income countries
Increasing educational attainment is one of the most important and effective strategies for health and economic improvements. The extent to which extreme climate events disrupt education, resulting in...
Calcium-activated chloride channel TMEM16A opens via pi-helical transition in transmembrane segment 4
TMEM16A is a Ca 2+ -activated Cl − channel that has crucial roles in various physiological and pathological processes. H...
Toward quantitative X-ray elastography of coronary arteries using flexural pulse waves
Dynamic elastography uses an imaging system to visualize the propagation of elastic waves, the speed of which is directly related to the elasticity felt by palpation. Very few studies have focused on...
Intelligent self-correcting growth of uniform Bernal-stacked bi-/trilayer graphene
State-of-the-art synthesis strategies of two-dimensional (2D) materials have been designed following the nucleation-dominant pattern for structure control. However, this classical methodology fails to...
A complete and dynamic tree of birds
We present a complete, time-scaled, evolutionary tree of the world’s bird species. This tree unites phylogenetic estimates for 9,239 species from 262 studies published between 1990 and 2024, using the...
Structural basis for substrate selectivity by site-one protease revealed by studies with a small-molecule inhibitor
Site-one protease (S1P) carries out the first proteolytic step to activate membrane-bound effector proteins in the Golgi. S1P matures through an autocatalytic process that begins in the endoplasmic re...
Bacterial extracellular vesicles target different bacterial species, impairing cell division and diminishing their pathogenicity
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by bacteria contain many bacterial-derived molecules, which play an important role in host interactions and as mediators of bacterial communication. However, the...
NEUROD1 efficiently converts peripheral blood cells into neurons with partial reprogramming by pluripotency factors
The direct reprogramming of cells has tremendous potential in in vitro neurological studies. Previous attempts to convert blood cells into induced neurons have presented several challenges, necessitat...
Distantly related bacteria share a rigid proteome allocation strategy with flexible enzyme kinetics
Bacteria are known to allocate their proteomes according to how fast they grow, and the allocation strategies employed strongly affect bacterial adaptation to different environments. Much of what is c...
Stiffness-gradient adhesive structure with mushroom-shaped morphology via electrically activated one-step growth
Reptiles in nature have evolved excellent adhesion systems to adapt to complex natural environments, inspired by which high-performance bioinspired dry adhesives have been consistently created by prec...
Measuring global migration flows using online data
Existing estimates of human migration are limited in their scope, reliability, and timeliness, prompting the United Nations and the Global Compact on Migration to call for improved data collection. Us...
Late Cretaceous community structure changed before the asteroid
Copy-cat evolution: Divergence and convergence within and between cat and dog breeds
Many domesticated species exhibit remarkable phenotypic diversity. In nature, selection produces not only divergence but also convergence when organisms experience similar selective pressures. Whether...
A twist grain boundary phase in aqueous solutions of the nucleic acid tetramer GTAC
At high concentration, long Watson/Crick (WC) double-helixed DNA forms columnar crystal or liquid crystal phases of linear, parallel duplex chains packed on periodic lattices. This can also be a struc...
Genomic analysis of progenitors in viral infection implicates glucocorticoids as suppressors of plasmacytoid dendritic cell generation
Plasmacytoid Dendritic cells (pDCs) are the most potent producers of interferons, which are critical antiviral cytokines. pDC development is, however, compromised following a viral infection, and this...